Millimeter Observations of the Type II SN2023ixf: Constraints on the Proximate Circumstellar Medium

Abstract

We present 1.3 mm (230 GHz) observations of the recent and nearby Type II supernova, SN2023ixf, obtained with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) at 2.6-18.6 days after explosion. The observations were obtained as part the SMA Large Program POETS (Pursuit of Extragalactic Transients with the SMA). We do not detect any emission at the location of SN2023ixf, with the deepest limits of $L_{\nu }(230\mathrm{GHz})\lesssim 8.6\times 10^{25}$ erg s${}^{-1}$ Hz${}^{-1}$ at 2.7 and 7.7 days, and $L_{\nu }(230\mathrm{GHz})\lesssim 3.4\times 10^{25}$ erg s${}^{-1}$ Hz${}^{-1}$ at 18.6 days. These limits are about a factor of 2 times dimmer than the mm emission from SN2011dh (IIb), about an order of magnitude dimmer compared to SN1993J (IIb) and SN2018ivc (IIL), and about 30 times dimmer than the most luminous non-relativistic SNe in the mm-band (Type IIb/Ib/Ic). Using these limits in the context of analytical models that include synchrotron self-absorption and free-free absorption we place constraints on the proximate circumstellar medium around the progenitor star, to a scale of $\sim 2\times 10^{15}$ cm, excluding the range $\dot{M}\sim \mathrm{few}\times 10^{-6}-10^{-2}$ M${}_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$ (for a wind velocity, $v_w=115$ km s${}^{-1}$, and ejecta velocity, $v_{\mathrm{eje}}\sim (1-2)\times 10^4$ km s${}^{-1}$). These results are consistent with an inference of the mass loss rate based on optical spectroscopy ($\sim 2\times 10^{-2}$ M${}_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$ for $v_w=115$ km s${}^{-1}$), but are in tension with the inference from hard X-rays ($\sim 7\times 10^{-4}$ M${}_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$ for $v_w=115$ km s${}^{-1}$). This tension may be alleviated by a non-homogeneous and confined CSM, consistent with results from high-resolution optical spectroscopy.

Submitted

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Cited by in corpus (13)

• From Discovery to the First Month of the Type II Supernova 2023ixf: High and Variable Mass Loss in the Final Year before Explosion
• A Luminous Red Supergiant and Dusty Long-period Variable Progenitor for SN 2023ixf
• Shock Cooling and Possible Precursor Emission in the Early Light Curve of the Type II SN 2023ixf
• A Shock Flash Breaking Out of a Dusty Red Supergiant
• Far-Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Observations of SN 2023ixf: A high energy explosion engulfed in complex circumstellar material
• Progenitor mass and ejecta asymmetry of SN 2023ixf from nebular spectroscopy
• Constraining MeV-scale axion-like particles with Fermi-LAT observations of SN 2023ixf
• Search for gravitational waves emitted from SN 2023ixf
• Early-time gamma-ray constraints on cosmic-ray acceleration in the core-collapse SN 2023ixf with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
• New constraints on the gamma-ray and high energy neutrino fluxes from the circumstellar interaction of SN 2023ixf
• One Year of SN 2023ixf: Breaking Through the Degenerate Parameter Space in Light-Curve Models with Pulsating Progenitors
• Pre-supernova outbursts by core magnetic activity
• SN 2023ixf: interaction signatures in the spectrum at 445 days