Multimessenger Constraints on the Central Engine in SN 2023ixf: Neutron Star or Black Hole?

Abstract

The physical trigger of core-collapse supernova (CC-SNe) is a central theme in modern surveys of the transient Universe. A multi-messenger approach may provide a unique window to CC-SNe produced by a newly born neutron star (NS) or black hole (BH). Here we apply joint electromagnetic-gravitational wave (EM-GW) analysis to the nearby event SN 2023ixf using a model-independent broadband search with a GW-energy detection threshold of a few times $10^{-5}{M}_{\odot }{c}^2$ for chirps and $10^{-2}$ $M_{\odot }{c}^2$ for noise-like emission below 1\,kHz. No joint LIGO Hanford-Livingston (H1-L1) signal associated with SN 2023ixf is observed over a 2.5 day window proceeding the first discovery. Together with EM photometric-spectroscopic data, we interpret this null result to indicate the absence of BH formation, in part by mass-scaling of the BH powering GW170817B following GW170817. This multi-messenger outcome supports, hereby, scenarios consistent with NS formation, consistent with a progenitor mass likely below $\sim 20M_{\odot }$ estimated by EM interpretations.

arXiv comment9 pages, 3 figures

References in corpus (54)

• Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger
• A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km/s/Mpc Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team
• The Supernova -- Gamma-Ray Burst Connection
• Progenitors of core-collapse supernovae
• ATLAS: A High-Cadence All-Sky Survey System
• A fundamental plane of black hole activity
• Explosion Mechanisms of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Core-Collapse Supernovae from 9 to 120 Solar Masses Based on Neutrino-powered Explosions
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: Science Objectives
• The death of massive stars - I. Observational constraints on the progenitors of type II-P supernovae
• A Scheme to Unify Low-Power Accreting Black Holes - Jet-Dominated Accretion Flows and the Radio/X-Ray Correlation
• Nucleosynthesis Yields of Core-Collapse Supernovae and Hypernovae, and Galactic Chemical Evolution
• A `Hypernova' model for SN 1998bw associated with gamma-ray burst of 25 April 1998
• Measuring gravitational waves from binary black hole coalescences: I. Signal to noise for inspiral, merger, and ringdown
• Mass Limits For Black Hole Formation
• Observed and Physical Properties of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Bolometric light curves and explosion parameters of 38 stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae
• Missing Black Holes Unveil The Supernova Explosion Mechanism
• Jet-dominated states: an alternative to advection across black hole event horizons in `quiescent' X-ray binaries
• The Landscape of the Neutrino Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae: Neutron Star and Black Hole Mass Functions, Explosion Energies and Nickel Yields
• How much 56Ni can be produced in Core-Collapse Supernovae? : Evolution and Explosions of 30 - 100 Msun Stars
• The Initial Masses of the Red Supergiant Progenitors to Type-II Supernovae
• Magnetorotational core collapse of possible GRB progenitors. I. Explosion mechanisms
• An Optically Targeted Search for Gravitational Waves emitted by Core-Collapse Supernovae during the First and Second Observing Runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo
• Stellar Mass Black Holes and Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources
• The Young Supernova Experiment: Survey Goals, Overview, and Operations
• The `Red Supergiant Problem': the upper luminosity boundary of type-II supernova progenitors
• SN2023ixf in Messier 101: A Variable Red Supergiant as the Progenitor Candidate to a Type II Supernova
• The light curve of SN 1987A revisited: constraining production masses of radioactive nuclides
• A Luminous Red Supergiant and Dusty Long-period Variable Progenitor for SN 2023ixf
• Shock Cooling and Possible Precursor Emission in the Early Light Curve of the Type II SN 2023ixf
• Far-Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Observations of SN 2023ixf: A high energy explosion engulfed in complex circumstellar material
• On The Red Supergiant Problem
• The Young Supernova Experiment Data Release 1 (YSE DR1): Light Curves and Photometric Classification of 1975 Supernovae
• GRB 090618: The First Example of a Neutron Star Gravitational Collapse to a Black Hole Induced by a Type Ib/c Supernova
• Emission lines due to ionizing radiation from a compact object in the remnant of Supernova 1987A
• A call for a paradigm shift from neutrino-driven to jet-driven core-collapse supernova mechanisms
• The 30-Year Search for the Compact Object in SN 1987A
• It's written in the massive stars: The role of stellar physics in the formation of black holes
• Influence of Magnetorotational Instability on Neutrino Heating: A New Mechanism for Weakly Magnetized Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Optical Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts, the Discovery of Supernovae 2005bv, 2005ee, and 2006ak, and Searches for Transients Using the "MASTER" Robotic Telescope
• Progenitor mass and ejecta asymmetry of SN 2023ixf from nebular spectroscopy
• Broad band turbulent spectra in gamma-ray burst light curves
• Directed searches for broadband extended gravitational-wave emission in nearby energetic core-collapse supernovae
• Multi-messenger Extended Emission from the compact remnant in GW170817
• Electromagnetic priors for black hole spindown in searches for gravitational-waves from supernovae and long GRBs
• SN 2023ixf -- an average-energy explosion with circumstellar medium and a precursor
• The nebular spectra of SN 2023ixf: A lower mass, partially stripped progenitor may be the result of binary interaction
• Central engine of GRB170817A: Neutron star versus Kerr black hole based on multimessenger calorimetry and event timing
• Search for gravitational waves emitted from SN 2023ixf
• One Year of SN 2023ixf: Breaking Through the Degenerate Parameter Space in Light-Curve Models with Pulsating Progenitors
• Observational prospects of double neutrons star mergers and their multi-messenger afterglows: LIGO discovery power, event rates and diversity
• An axisymmetric shock breakout indicated by prompt polarized emission from the type II supernova 2024ggi
• SN 2023ixf: interaction signatures in the spectrum at 445 days