The Transition of a Type IIL Supernova into a Supernova Remnant: Late-time Observations of SN 2013by

Abstract

We present early-time Swift and Chandra X-ray data along with late-time optical and near-infrared observations of SN 2013by, a Type IIL supernova (SN) that occurred in the nearby spiral galaxy ESO 138$-$G10 (D $\sim 14.8$ Mpc). Optical and NIR photometry and spectroscopy follow the late-time evolution of the supernova from days +89 to +457 post-maximum brightness. The optical spectra and X-ray light curves are consistent with the picture of a SN having prolonged interaction with circumstellar material (CSM) that accelerates the transition from supernova to supernova remnant (SNR). Specifically, we find SN 2013by's H$\alpha$ profile exhibits significant broadening ($\sim$ 10,000 km s${}^{-1}$) on day +457, the likely consequence of high-velocity, H-rich material being excited by a reverse shock. A relatively flat X-ray light curve is observed that cannot be modeled using inverse-Compton scattering processes alone but requires an additional energy source most likely originating from the SN-CSM interaction. In addition, we see the first overtone of CO emission near 2.3 $\mu$m on day +152, signaling the formation of molecules and dust in the SN ejecta and is the first time CO has been detected in a Type IIL supernova. We compare SN 2013by to Type IIP supernovae whose spectra show the rarely observed SN-to-SNR transition in varying degrees and conclude that Type IIL SNe may enter the remnant phase at earlier epochs than their Type IIP counterparts.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in ApJ. 9 Pages, 10 figures, 3 tables

References in corpus (36)

• The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections
• The Swift X-ray Telescope
• Nearby Supernova Rates from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search. II. The Observed Luminosity Functions and Fractions of Supernovae in a Complete Sample
• The death of massive stars - I. Observational constraints on the progenitors of type II-P supernovae
• The SDSS View of the Palomar-Green Bright Quasar Survey
• The 1000 Brightest HIPASS Galaxies: HI Properties
• An Open Catalog for Supernova Data
• Characterizing the V-band light-curves of hydrogen-rich type II supernovae
• The diversity of Type II supernova versus the similarity in their progenitors
• Circumstellar Emission from Type Ib and Ic Supernovae
• SOUSA: the Swift Optical/Ultraviolet Supernova Archive
• A Comparative Study of the Absolute-Magnitude Distributions of Supernovae
• Unifying Type II Supernova Light Curves with Dense Circumstellar Material
• Towards Characterization of the Type IIP Supernova Progenitor Population: a Statistical Sample of Light Curves from Pan-STARRS1
• Dust and the type II-plateau supernova 2004et
• Photometric and spectroscopic evolution of the type IIP supernova SN 2004et
• Photometric and Spectroscopic Properties of Type II-P Supernovae
• The Exceptionally Luminous Type II-L SN 2008es
• Optical and near infrared coverage of SN 2004et: physical parameters and comparison with other type IIP supernovae
• Caltech Core-Collapse Project (CCCP) Observations of Type II Supernovae: Evidence for Three Distinct Photometric Subtypes
• A Sample of Type II-L Supernovae
• Relativistic supernovae have shorter-lived central engines or more extended progenitors: the case of SN\,2012ap
• Inverse Compton X-ray Emission from Supernovae with Compact Progenitors: Application to SN2011fe
• SN 1988Z: Spectro-photometric catalogue and energy estimates
• Detection of CO and Dust Emission in Near-Infrared Spectra of SN 1998S
• On the Progenitor of the Type II Supernova 2004et in NGC 6946
• Supernova 2013by: A Type IIL Supernova with a IIP-like light curve drop
• Late-Time Optical Emission From Core-Collapse Supernovae
• The Earliest Near-infrared Time-series Spectroscopy of a Type Ia Supernova
• 450 Days of Type II SN 2013ej in Optical and Near-Infrared
• The X-ray and radio emission from SN 2002ap: The importance of Compton scattering
• SN 2011hw: Helium-Rich Circumstellar Gas and the Luminous Blue Variable to Wolf-Rayet Transition in Supernova Progenitors
• Asphericity, Interaction, and Dust in the Type II-P/II-L Supernova 2013ej in Messier 74
• Late-Time Optical and UV Spectra of SN 1979C and SN 1980K
• Optical Photometry of Type II-P Supernova 2004dj in NGC 2403
• The Evolution of Late-Time Optical Emission From SN 1979C

Cited by in corpus (15)

• Spectrophotometric templates for core collapse supernovae and their application in simulations of time-domain surveys
• Far-Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Observations of SN 2023ixf: A high energy explosion engulfed in complex circumstellar material
• Comparison of the optical light curves of hydrogen-rich and hydrogen-poor type II supernovae
• Detection of Late-Time Circumstellar Interaction of SN 2017eaw in NGC 6946
• The morphing of decay powered to interaction powered Type II supernova ejecta at nebular times
• Luminosity distribution of Type II supernova progenitors
• SN 2017ivv: two years of evolution of a transitional Type II supernova
• X-Ray Luminous Supernovae: Threats to Terrestrial Biospheres
• The nebular spectra of SN 2023ixf: A lower mass, partially stripped progenitor may be the result of binary interaction
• A Grid of Core-Collapse Supernova Remnant Models I: The Effect of Wind-Driven Mass-Loss
• The long-term influence of a magnetar power in stripped-envelope supernovae. Radiative-transfer modeling of He-star explosions from 1 to 10 years
• Detection of Late-Time Optical Emission from SN 1941C in NGC 4136
• Building spectral templates and reconstructing parameters for core collapse supernovae with CASTOR
• SN 2023ixf: interaction signatures in the spectrum at 445 days
• STag II: Classification of Serendipitous Supernovae Observed by Galaxy Redshift Surveys