Revisiting the explodability of single massive star progenitors of stripped-envelope supernovae

Abstract

Stripped-envelope supernovae (Types IIb, Ib, and Ic) that show little or no hydrogen comprise roughly one-third of the observed explosions of massive stars. Their origin and the evolution of their progenitors are not yet fully understood. Very massive single stars stripped by their own winds ($\gtrsim 25-30M_{\odot }$ at solar metallicity) are considered viable progenitors of these events. However, recent 1D core-collapse simulations show that some massive stars may collapse directly into black holes after a failed explosion, with a weak or no visible transient. In this letter, we estimate the effect of direct collapse into a black hole on the rates of stripped-envelope supernovae that arise from single stars. For this, we compute single-star MESA models at solar metallicity and map their final state to their core-collapse outcome following prescriptions commonly used in population synthesis. According to our models, no single stars that have lost their entire hydrogen-rich envelope are able to explode, and only a fraction of progenitors left with a thin hydrogen envelope do (IIb progenitor candidates), unless we use a prescription that takes the effect of turbulence into account or invoke increased wind mass-loss rates. This result increases the existing tension between the single-star paradigm to explain most stripped-envelope supernovae and their observed rates and properties. At face value, our results point toward an even higher contribution of binary progenitors to stripped-envelope supernovae. Alternatively, they may suggest inconsistencies in the common practice of mapping different stellar models to core-collapse outcomes and/or higher overall mass loss in massive stars.

Published in Astronomy & Astrophysics Letters; One main enhancement: added Couch et al. (2020) in the list of supernova engines

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• The Type Icn SN 2021csp: Implications for the Origins of the Fastest Supernovae and the Fates of Wolf-Rayet Stars
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• INFERNO: Galactic winds in dwarf galaxies with star-by-star simulations including runaway stars
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• Comparing Compact Object Distributions from Mass- and Presupernova Core Structure-based Prescriptions
• The cosmic carbon footprint of massive stars stripped in binary systems
• Explodability fluctuations of massive stellar cores enable asymmetric compact object mergers such as GW190814
• A population of Type Ibc supernovae with massive progenitors; broad lightcurves not uncommon in (i)PTF
• Dissecting the microphysics behind the metallicity-dependence of massive stars radii
• Deriving the bulk properties of solar wind electrons observed by Solar Orbiter: A preliminary study of electron plasma thermodynamics
• SNR G292.0+1.8: A Remnant of a Low-Mass Progenitor Stripped-Envelope Supernova
• Statistical study of electron density turbulence and ion-cyclotron waves in the inner heliosphere: Solar Orbiter observations