The Interaction of Supernova 2018evt with a Substantial Amount of Circumstellar Matter -- An SN1997cy-like Event

Abstract

A rare class of supernovae (SNe) is characterized by strong interaction between the ejecta and several solar masses of circumstellar matter (CSM) as evidenced by strong Balmer-line emission. Within the first few weeks after the explosion, they may display spectral features similar to overluminous Type Ia SNe, while at later phase their observation properties exhibit remarkable similarities with some extreme case of Type IIn SNe that show strong Balmer lines years after the explosion. We present polarimetric observations of SN2018evt obtained by the ESO Very Large Telescope from 172 to 219 days after the estimated time of peak luminosity to study the geometry of the CSM. The nonzero continuum polarization decreases over time, suggesting that the mass loss of the progenitor star is aspherical. The prominent H$\alpha$ emission can be decomposed into a broad, time-evolving component and an intermediate-width, static component. The former shows polarized signals, and it is likely to arise from a cold dense shell (CDS) within the region between the forward and reverse shocks. The latter is significantly unpolarized, and it is likely to arise from shocked, fragmented gas clouds in the H-rich CSM. We infer that SN2018evt exploded inside a massive and aspherical circumstellar cloud. The symmetry axes of the CSM and the SN appear to be similar. SN\,2018evt shows observational properties common to events that display strong interaction between the ejecta and CSM, implying that they share similar circumstellar configurations. Our preliminary estimate also suggests that the circumstellar environment of SN2018evt has been significantly enriched at a rate of $\sim 0.1$ M${}_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$ over a period of $>100$ yr.

arXiv comment29 pages, 20 figures, 10 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (115)

• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• Measuring Reddening with SDSS Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating SFD
• The Gaia mission
• The Zwicky Transient Facility: System Overview, Performance, and First Results
• A 2.4% Determination of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant
• The Man Behind the Curtain: X-rays Drive the UV through NIR Variability in the 2013 AGN Outburst in NGC 2617
• Cosmic-Ray Rejection by Laplacian Edge Detection
• Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
• Astrometry.net: Blind astrometric calibration of arbitrary astronomical images
• Mass Loss: Its Effect on the Evolution and Fate of High-Mass Stars
• Observational clues to the progenitors of Type-Ia supernovae
• WISeREP - An Interactive Supernova Data Repository
• Determining the Type, Redshift, and Age of a Supernova Spectrum
• Supernova 2011fe from an Exploding Carbon-Oxygen White Dwarf Star
• An Empirical Relation between Sodium Absorption and Dust Extinction
• GROND - a 7-channel imager
• Spectropolarimetry of Supernovae
• Detection of circumstellar material in a normal Type Ia Supernova
• PESSTO : survey description and products from the first data release by the Public ESO Spectroscopic Survey of Transient Objects
• PTF11kx: A Type-Ia Supernova with a Symbiotic Nova Progenitor
• Generalized Semi-Analytical Models of Supernova Light Curves
• Constraints on the Progenitor System of the Type Ia Supernova SN 2011fe/PTF11kly
• Caltech Core-Collapse Project (CCCP) observations of type IIn supernovae: typical properties and implications for their progenitor stars
• On the progenitor of SN 2005gl and the nature of Type IIn supernovae
• Evidence for Asphericity in the Type IIn Supernova 1998S
• Head-on collisions of white dwarfs in triple systems could explain type Ia supernova
• High Density Circumstellar Interaction in the Luminous Type IIn SN 2010jl: The first 1100 days
• Nearby Supernova Factory Observations of SN 2005gj: Another Type Ia Supernova in a Massive Circumstellar Envelope
• Type Ia Supernovae Strongly Interacting with Their Circumstellar Medium
• Spectropolarimetry of SN 2001el in NGC 1448: Asphericity of a Normal Type Ia Supernova
• Common Envelope Evolution Leading to Supernovae with Dense Interaction
• Broad emission lines from opaque electron-scattering environment of SN 1998S
• Optical and Infrared Spectroscopy of the type IIn SN 1998S : Days 3-127
• A New Cepheid Distance to the Giant Spiral M101 Based On Image Subtraction of HST/ACS Observations
• Coronal lines and dust formation in SN 2005ip: Not the brightest, but the hottest Type IIn supernova
• The first month of evolution of the slow rising type II-P SN 2013ej in M74
• Type Ia Supernovae: Their Origin and Possible Applications in Cosmology
• Type Ia Supernovae as Stellar Endpoints and Cosmological Tools
• Evidence for Asphericity in a Subluminous Type Ia Supernova: Spectropolarimetry of SN 1999by
• The Southern Sky Redshift Survey
• Scattered-Light Echoes from the Historical Galactic Supernovae Cassiopeia A and Tycho (SN 1572)
• Error Analysis for Dual-Beam Optical Linear Polarimetry
• Have the Elusive Progenitors of Supernovae Type Ia Been Discovered?
• Super-luminous supernovae from PESSTO
• A Spitzer Survey for Dust in Type IIn Supernovae
• A Massive Progenitor of the Luminous Type IIn Supernova 2010jl
• SN 1994W: An Interacting Supernova or Two Interacting Shells?
• Low-Resolution Sodium D Absorption is a Bad Proxy for Extinction
• Numerical simulations of super-luminous supernovae of type IIn
• SN1997cy/GRB970514 - A New Piece in the GRB Puzzle?
• SN 2005 gj: Evidence for LBV supernovae progenitors?
• Polarimetry of the Type Ia Supernova SN 1996X
• A Revised Historical Light Curve of Eta Carinae and the Timing of Close Periastron Encounters
• Numerical models of collisions between core-collapse supernovae and circumstellar shells
• The properties of Supernova 1997cy associated to GRB970514
• ZTF Early Observations of Type Ia Supernovae I: Properties of the 2018 Sample
• Optical to X-rays supernovae light curves following shock breakout through a thick wind
• Early Emission from the Type IIn Supernova 1998S at High Resolution
• Spectropolarimetry of the Peculiar Type Ia SN 2005hk
• Systematic Blueshift of Line Profiles in the Type IIn Supernova 2010jl: Evidence for Post-Shock Dust Formation?
• On The Hydrogen Emission From The Type Ia Supernova 2002ic
• Supernova 2002ic: the collapse of a stripped-envelope, massive star in a dense medium ?
• Circumstellar absorption in double detonation Type Ia supernovae
• The Detection of a Light Echo from the Type Ia Supernova 2006X in M100
• VLT Spectropolarimetry of the fast expanding Type Ia SN2006X
• Type IIn supernova light-curve properties measured from an untargeted survey sample
• Spectropolarimetry of the Type Ib/c SN 2005bf
• A reconnaissance of the possible donor stars to the Kepler supernova
• Subaru Spectroscopy of the Interacting Type Ia Supernova SN 2002ic: Evidence of a Hydrogen-rich, Asymmetric Circumstellar Medium
• Asymmetries in the Type IIn SN2010jl
• The Type IIn SN 1995G: Interaction with the CSM
• Hydrogen and helium in the spectra of Type Ia supernovae
• On the nature of the circumstellar medium of the remarkable type Ia/IIn supernova, SN 2002ic
• The Dual-Axis Circumstellar Environment of the Type IIn Supernova 1997eg
• Supernova spectra below strong circum-stellar interaction
• Photometry of SN 2002ic and Implications for the Progenitor Mass-Loss History
• SN1999E: Another piece in the SN-GRB connection puzzle
• On the Nature of Type Ia-CSM Supernovae: Optical and Near-Infrared Spectra of SN 2012ca and SN 2013dn
• Polarization measurements analysis I. Impact of the full covariance matrix on polarization fraction and angle measurements
• The circumstellar medium of the peculiar supernova SN1997ab
• Circumstellar interaction in type Ibn supernovae and SN 2006jc
• A Comprehensive Analysis of Spitzer Supernovae
• A common-envelope wind model for Type Ia supernovae (I): binary evolution and birth rate
• X-ray Emission from SN 2012ca: A Type Ia-CSM Supernova Explosion in a Dense Surrounding Medium
• The long-lived Type IIn SN 2015da: Infrared echoes and strong interaction within an extended massive shell
• Late-Time Spectral Observations of the Strongly Interacting Type Ia Supernova PTF11kx
• Delayed Circumstellar Interaction for Type Ia SN 2015cp Revealed by an HST Ultraviolet Imaging Survey
• SN 2008iy: An Unusual Type IIn Supernova with an Enduring 400 Day Rise Time
• Electron scattering wings on lines in interacting supernovae
• On type IIn/Ia-CSM supernovae as exemplified by SN 2012ca
• Circumstellar interaction of the type Ia supernova 2002ic
• Linear spectropolarimetry of polarimetric standard stars with VLT/FORS2
• Type Ia supernovae in dense circumstellar gas
• A spectropolarimetric view on the nature of the peculiar Type I SN 2005hk
• The Young and Nearby Normal Type Ia Supernova 2018gv: UV-Optical Observations and the Earliest Spectropolarimetry
• A Type Ia supernova at the heart of superluminous transient SN 2006gy
• The circumstellar material around SN IIn 1997eg: Another detection of Very Narrow P Cygni profile
• Optical and IR observations of SN 2013L, a Type IIn Supernova surrounded by asymmetric CSM
• The Cold and Dusty Circumstellar Matter around Fast-expanding Type Ia Supernovae
• The Structure of the Homunculus. II. Modeling the physical conditions in Eta Car's molecular shell
• VLT Spectropolarimetry of the optical transient in NGC300. Evidence for asymmetry in the circumstellar dust
• The Carnegie Supernova Project II. The shock wave revealed through the fog: The strongly interacting Type IIn SN 2013L
• Type IIn SN~2010jl: probing dusty line-emitting shell
• Late-time Flattening of Type Ia Supernova Light Curves: Constraints From SN 2014J in M82
• The evolution of the 3D shape of the broad-lined type Ic SN 2014ad
• Evidence of Asymmetry in SN 2007rt, a Type IIn Supernova
• Do SN 2002cx-like and SN Ia-CSM objects share the same origin?
• PTF11kx: A Type Ia Supernova with Hydrogen Emission Persisting After 3.5 Years
• SN 2012ca: a stripped envelope core-collapse SN interacting with dense circumstellar medium
• The Structure of the Homunculus. III. Forming a Disk and Bipolar Lobes in a Rotating Surface Explosion
• Common envelope to explosion delay time of type Ia supernovae
• Type Ia Supernovae and their Environment: Theory and Applications to SN 2014J
• Mapping Circumstellar Matter with Polarized Light - The Case of Supernova 2014J in M82
• SN 2008iy circumstellar interaction: Bright and lesser light effect
• Wind of presupernova IIn SN~1997eg

Cited by in corpus (4)

• A Systematic Study of Ia-CSM Supernovae from the ZTF Bright Transient Survey
• Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Green Pea Galaxies (IMBH-GP) I: a Candidate Sample from LAMOST and SDSS
• Monte Carlo Radiation Transport for Astrophysical Transients Powered by Circumstellar Interaction
• An axisymmetric shock breakout indicated by prompt polarized emission from the type II supernova 2024ggi