Formation of Compact Stellar Clusters by High-Redshift Galaxy Outflows II: Effect of Turbulence and Metal-Line Cooling

Abstract

In the primordial universe, low mass structures with virial temperatures less than 10${}^4$ K were unable to cool by atomic line transitions, leading to a strong suppression of star formation. On the other hand, these "minihalos" were highly prone to triggered star formation by interactions from nearby galaxy outflows. In Gray & Scannapieco (2010), we explored the impact of nonequilibrium chemistry on these interactions. Here we turn our attention to the role of metals, carrying out a series of high-resolution three-dimensional adaptive mesh refinement simulations that include both metal cooling and a subgrid turbulent mixing model. Despite the presence of an additional coolant, we again we find that outflow-minihalo interactions produce a distribution of dense, massive stellar clusters. We also find that these clusters are evenly enriched with metals to a final abundance of Z $\approx$ 10${}^{-2}$ Z${}_{\odot }$. As in our previous simulations, all of these properties suggest that these interactions may have given rise to present-day halo globular clusters.

14 pages, 8 figures, Accepted to ApJ

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• Feedback from Winds and Supernovae in Massive Stellar Clusters. I: Hydrodynamics
• High resolution studies of massive primordial haloes
• Catastrophic Cooling in Superwinds: Line Emission and Non-equilibrium Ionization
• Feedback from Winds and Supernovae in Massive Stellar Clusters - II. X-Ray Emission
• How the First Stars Regulated Star Formation. II. Enrichment by Nearby Supernovae
• Magnetohydrodynamic simulations of mechanical stellar feedback in a sheet-like molecular cloud
• Non-equilibrium Ionization States Within Galactic Outflows: Explaining Their O VI and N V Column Densities
• Sheets, filaments and clumps - high resolution simulations of how the thermal instability can form molecular clouds
• Formation of Compact Stellar Clusters by High-Redshift Galaxy Outflows III: Observability and Connection to Halo Globular Clusters
• Formation of Compact Clusters from High Resolution Hybrid Cosmological Simulations
• A systematic comparison of two-equation RANS turbulence models applied to shock-cloud interactions
• On the Interaction between Turbulence and a Planar Rarefaction