Formation of the first galaxies in the aftermath of the first supernovae

Abstract

We perform high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamic simulations to study the formation of the first galaxies that reach the masses of $10^{8-9}{h}^{-1}{M}_{\odot }$ at $z=9$. The resolution of the simulations is high enough to resolve minihaloes and allow us to successfully pursue the formation of multiple Population (Pop) III stars, their supernova (SN) explosions, resultant metal-enrichment of the inter-galactic medium (IGM) in the course of the build-up of the system. Metals are ejected into the IGM by multiple Pop III SNe, but some of the metal-enriched gas falls back onto the halo after $\gtrsim 100\mathrm{Myr}$. The star formation history of the first galaxy depends sensitively on the initial mass function (IMF) of Pop III stars. The dominant stellar population transits from Pop III to Pop II at $z\sim 12-15$ in the case of power-law Pop III IMF, $\mathrm{d}n/\mathrm{d}M\propto M^{-2.35}$ with the mass range $10-500M_{\odot }$. At $z\lesssim 12$, stars are stably formed in the first galaxies with a star formation rate of $\sim 10^{-3}$-$10^{-1}{M}_{\odot }/\mathrm{yr}$. In contrast, for the case with a flat IMF, gas-deprived first galaxies form due to frequent Pop III pair-instability SNe, resulting in the suppression of subsequent Pop II star formation. In addition, we calculate UV continuum, Ly$\alpha$- and H$\alpha$-line fluxes from the first galaxies. We show that the James Webb Space Telescope will be able to detect both UV continuum, Ly$\alpha$ and H$\alpha$ line emission from first galaxies with halo mass $\gtrsim 10^9{M}_{\odot }$ at $z\gtrsim 10$.

14 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

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Cited by in corpus (9)

• Impact of the cosmic background radiation on the initial mass function of metal-poor stars
• A needle in a haystack? Catching Pop III stars in the Epoch of Reionization: I. Pop III star forming environments
• Characterization of Population III Stars with Stellar Atmosphere and Evolutionary Modeling and Predictions of their Observability with the James Webb Space Telescope
• Star Cluster Formation and Survival in the First Galaxies
• Population III star formation in an X-ray background: III. Periodic radiative feedback and luminosity induced by elliptical orbits
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• First emergence of cold accretion and supermassive star formation in the early universe
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• Population III Star Formation in an X-ray background: I. Critical Halo Mass of Formation and Total Mass in Stars