Cosmological Simulations of Two-Component Wave Dark Matter

Abstract

Wave (fuzzy) dark matter ($\psi$DM) consists of ultralight bosons, featuring a solitonic core within a granular halo. Here we extend $\psi$DM to two components, with distinct particle masses $m$ and coupled only through gravity, and investigate the resulting soliton-halo structure via cosmological simulations. Specifically, we assume $\psi$DM contains $75$ per cent major component and $25$ per cent minor component, fix the major-component particle mass to $m_{\mathrm{major}}=1\times 10^{-22}\mathrm{eV}$, and explore two different minor-component particle masses with $m_{\mathrm{major}}:m_{\mathrm{minor}}=3:1$ and $1:3$, respectively. For $m_{\mathrm{major}}:m_{\mathrm{minor}}=3:1$, we find that (i) the major- and minor-component solitons coexist, have comparable masses, and are roughly concentric. (ii) The soliton peak density is significantly lower than the single-component counterpart, leading to a smoother soliton-to-halo transition and rotation curve. (iii) The combined soliton mass of both components follows the same single-component core-halo mass relation. In dramatic contrast, for $m_{\mathrm{major}}:m_{\mathrm{minor}}=1:3$, a minor-component soliton cannot form with the presence of a stable major-component soliton; the total density profile, for both halo and soliton, is thus dominated by the major component and closely follows the single-component case. To support this finding, we propose a toy model illustrating that it is difficult to form a soliton in a hot environment associated with a deep gravitational potential. The work demonstrates the extra flexibility added to the multi-component $\psi$DM model can resolve observational tensions over the single-component model while retaining its key features.

19 pages, 24 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (19)

• Ultralight scalars as cosmological dark matter
• Dark Matter Candidates from Particle Physics and Methods of Detection
• Too big to fail? The puzzling darkness of massive Milky Way subhaloes
• Cosmic Structure as the Quantum Interference of a Coherent Dark Wave
• Dark Matter Results From 54-Ton-Day Exposure of PandaX-II Experiment
• Understanding the Core-Halo Relation of Quantum Wave Dark Matter, $\psi$DM, from 3D Simulations
• Axion dark matter, solitons, and the cusp-core problem
• Current status of direct dark matter detection experiments
• Lyman-alpha Constraints on Ultralight Scalar Dark Matter: Implications for the Early and Late Universe
• Can a vector field be responsible for the curvature perturbation in the Universe?
• Cosmological particle-in-cell simulations with ultralight axion dark matter
• Substructure of fuzzy dark matter haloes
• Oscillations and Random Walk of the Soliton Core in a Fuzzy Dark Matter Halo
• Merger of Dark Matter Axion Clumps and Resonant Photon Emission
• Multifield Ultralight Dark Matter
• Perturbations of ultralight vector field dark matter
• Testing the Prediction of Fuzzy Dark Matter Theory in the Milky Way Center
• Simulations of multi-field ultralight axion-like dark matter
• A Newtonian Analysis of Multi-scalar Boson Stars with Large Self-couplings

Cited by in corpus (9)

• Kinetic relaxation and Bose-star formation in multicomponent dark matter- I
• On the Dynamical Heating of Dwarf Galaxies in a Fuzzy Dark Matter Halo
• Nested solitons in two-field fuzzy dark matter
• Implications of multi-axion dark matter on structure formation
• Diverse dark matter haloes in Two-field Fuzzy Dark Matter
• Core and Halo Properties in Multi-Field Wave Dark Matter
• Improved Halo Model Calibrations for Mixed Dark Matter Models of Ultralight Axions
• Fuzzy dark matter simulations
• Effects of New Forces on Scalar Dark Matter Solitons