EDEN: Exploring Disks Embedded in N-body simulations of Milky-Way-mass halos from Symphony

Abstract

We investigate the impact of galactic disks on the tidal stripping of cold dark matter subhalos within Milky Way (MW)-mass halos ($M_{\mathrm{vir}}\sim 10^{12}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$) using a new simulation suite, EDEN. By re-simulating 45 MW-mass zoom-in halos from the N-body Symphony compilation with embedded disk potentials, which evolve according to star formation histories predicted by the UniverseMachine model, we self-consistently tie disk growth to halo accretion rate and significantly expand the range of disk masses and formation histories studied. We use the particle-tracking-based subhalo finder Symfind to enhance the robustness of subhalo tracking. We find that disks near the median disk-to-halo mass ratio of our sample ($M_{\ast ,\mathrm{Disk}}/M_{\mathrm{vir},\mathrm{host}}=2\%$) reduce subhalo peak mass functions within 100 kpc by about $10\%$ for peak masses above $10^8{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$. Heavier, MW/M31-like disks ($M_{\ast ,\mathrm{Disk}}/M_{\mathrm{vir},\mathrm{host}}\gtrsim 5\%$) lead to a reduction of more than $40\%$. Subhalo abundance suppression is more pronounced near halo centers, with particularly enhanced stripping for subhalos accreted over 8 Gyr ago on orbits with pericenters < 100 kpc. Suppression is further amplified when disk mass is increased within fixed halo and disk assembly histories. In all cases, the suppression we measure should be interpreted as stripping below the mass resolution limit rather than complete subhalo disruption. This study reshapes our understanding of the MW's impact on its satellites, suggesting it strips subhalos more efficiently than typical MW-mass galaxies due to its larger disk-to-halo mass ratio and earlier disk formation.

33 pages, 15 figures, 1 table. Published in ApJ. EDEN data release: https://web.stanford.edu/group/gfc/gfcsims/build/html/eden_overview.html EDEN source code: https://github.com/Bulk826R/EDEN/tree/main

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