The effect of the LMC on the Milky Way system

Abstract

We review the recent theoretical and observational developments concerning the interaction of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) with the Milky Way and its neighbourhood. An emerging picture is that the LMC is a fairly massive companion (10-20% of the Milky Way mass) and just passed the pericentre of its orbit, likely for the first time. The gravitational perturbation caused by the LMC is manifested at different levels. The most immediate effect is the deflection of orbits of stars, stellar streams or satellite galaxies passing in the vicinity of the LMC. Less well known but equally important is the displacement (reflex motion) of central regions of the Milky Way about the centre of mass of both galaxies. Since the Milky Way is not a rigid body, this displacement varies with the distance from the LMC, and as a result, the Galaxy is deformed and its outer regions (beyond a few tens kpc) acquire a net velocity with respect to its centre. These phenomena need to be taken into account at the level of precision warranted by current and future observational data, and improvements on the modelling side are also necessary for an adequate interpretation of these data.

arXiv commentreview article (30 pages)

References in corpus (130)

• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• Gaia Data Release 3: Summary of the content and survey properties
• The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)
• The Galaxy in Context: Structural, Kinematic and Integrated Properties
• Galactic star formation and accretion histories from matching galaxies to dark matter haloes
• SEGUE: A Spectroscopic Survey of 240,000 stars with g=14-20
• A 2MASS All-Sky View of the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy: I. Morphology of the Sagittarius Core and Tidal Arms
• A distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud that is precise to one per cent
• Gaia Data Release 2: Kinematics of globular clusters and dwarf galaxies around the Milky Way
• New Understanding of Large Magellanic Cloud Structure, Dynamics and Orbit from Carbon Star Kinematics
• Eight New Milky Way Companions Discovered in First-Year Dark Energy Survey Data
• Are the Magellanic Clouds on their First Passage about the Milky Way?
• Beasts of the Southern Wild: Discovery of nine Ultra Faint satellites in the vicinity of the Magellanic Clouds
• Eight Ultra-faint Galaxy Candidates Discovered in Year Two of the Dark Energy Survey
• The Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy: a Model for Evolution in a Triaxial Milky Way Halo
• A dynamically young and perturbed Milky Way disk
• Third-Epoch Magellanic Cloud Proper Motions I: HST/WFC3 data and Orbit Implications
• The Star Formation History of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• The great disk of Milky-Way satellites and cosmological sub-structures
• The Role of Dwarf Galaxy Interactions in Shaping the Magellanic System and Implications for Magellanic Irregulars
• The Masses of the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies
• The total mass of the Large Magellanic Cloud from its perturbation on the Orphan stream
• The VPOS: a vast polar structure of satellite galaxies, globular clusters and streams around the Milky Way
• The Proper Motion of the Large Magellanic Cloud using HST
• Galactoseismology: Discovery of Vertical Waves in the Galactic Disk
• Tango for three: Sagittarius, LMC, and the Milky Way
• An Orphan in the "Field of Streams"
• Stellar Streams Discovered in the Dark Energy Survey
• Third-Epoch Magellanic Cloud Proper Motions II: The Large Magellanic Cloud Rotation Field in Three Dimensions
• Gaia DR2 Proper Motions of Dwarf Galaxies within 420 kpc: Orbits, Milky Way Mass, Tidal Influences, Planar Alignments, and Group Infall
• Simulations of the Magellanic Stream in a First Infall Scenario
• "Skinny Milky Way, Please", says Sagittarius
• Detection of a 60 Degree-Long Dwarf Galaxy Debris Stream
• The Influence of Sagittarius and the Large Magellanic Cloud on the Milky Way Galaxy
• A timing constraint on the (total) mass of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• The wide-field, multiplexed, spectroscopic facility WEAVE: Survey design, overview, and simulated implementation
• Tidal Streams as Probes of the Galactic Potential
• The Tidal Origin of the Magellanic Stream and the Possibility of a Stellar Counterpart
• Hunting for the Dark Matter Wake Induced by the Large Magellanic Cloud
• The Orbital Histories of Magellanic Satellites Using Gaia DR2 Proper Motions
• The Magellanic Stream: Circumnavigating the Galaxy
• And yet it moves: The dangers of artificially fixing the Milky Way center of mass in the presence of a massive Large Magellanic Cloud
• Quantifying Kinematic Substructure in the Milky Way's Stellar Halo
• The COS/UVES Absorption Survey of the Magellanic Stream. III: Ionization, Total Mass, and Inflow Rate onto the Milky Way
• A Magellanic Origin of the DES Dwarfs
• Mapping the Stellar Halo with the H3 Spectroscopic Survey
• Gaia early DR3 systemic motions of Local Group dwarf galaxies and orbital properties with a massive Large Magellanic Cloud
• APOGEE Chemical Abundance Patterns of the Massive Milky Way Satellites
• Overview of the DESI Milky Way Survey
• Constraints on the shape of the Milky Way dark matter halo from the Sagittarius stream
• Response of the Milky Way's disc to the Large Magellanic Cloud in a first infall scenario
• The Missing Satellites of the Magellanic Clouds? Gaia Proper Motions of the Recently Discovered Ultra-Faint Galaxies
• Small-Scale Structure in the SDSS and LCDM: Isolated L* Galaxies with Bright Satellites
• How Common are the Magellanic Clouds?
• The mass of our Milky Way
• Piercing the Milky Way: an all-sky view of the Orphan Stream
• To Circularize or Not to Circularize? -- Orbital Evolution of Satellite Galaxies
• Orbits of Massive Satellite Galaxies: I. A Close Look at the Large Magellanic Cloud and a New Orbital History for M33
• Quantifying the impact of the Large Magellanic Cloud on the structure of the Milky Way's dark matter halo using Basis Function Expansions
• Measuring the Mass of the Large Magellanic Cloud with Stellar Streams Observed by $S^5$
• All-Sky Dynamical Response of the Galactic Halo to the Large Magellanic Cloud
• A dynamical model of the local cosmic expansion
• The Proper Motion Field of the Small Magellanic Cloud: Kinematic Evidence for its Tidal Disruption
• The Milky Way's Disk of Classical Satellite Galaxies in Light of Gaia DR2
• Limit on the LMC mass from a census of its satellites
• Dynamical modeling of tidal streams
• Clouds, Streams and Bridges. Redrawing the blueprint of the Magellanic System with Gaia DR1
• The last breath of the Sagittarius dSph
• Detection of the Milky Way reflex motion due to the Large Magellanic Cloud infall
• Stream-orbit misalignment I: The dangers of orbit-fitting
• First Gaia Dynamics of the Andromeda System: DR2 Proper Motions, Orbits, and Rotation of M31 and M33
• The mechanics of tidal streams
• $S^5$: Probing the Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds potentials with the 6-D map of the Orphan-Chenab stream
• Identifying true satellites of the Magellanic Clouds
• The SEGUE K giant survey II: A Catalog of Distance Determinations for the SEGUE K giants in the Galactic Halo
• Detection of the LMC-induced sloshing of the Galactic halo
• galstreams: A Library of Milky Way Stellar Stream Footprints and Tracks
• The information content in cold stellar streams
• The Magellanic Stream System: I. Ram-pressure tails and the relics of the collision between the Magellanic Clouds
• A 10 kpc stellar substructure at the edge of the Large Magellanic Cloud: perturbed outer disk or evidence for tidal stripping?
• Abundance matching with the mean star formation rate: there is no missing satellites problem in the Milky Way above ${\mathbf{M}}_{200}\sim 10^9{\mathbf{M}}_{\odot }$
• Reflex motion in the Milky Way stellar halo resulting from the Large Magellanic Cloud infall
• The mass of the Milky Way out to 100 kpc using halo stars
• An empirical model of the Gaia DR3 selection function
• Production of Milky Way structure by the Magellanic Clouds
• Spatially resolved LMC star formation history: I. Outside in evolution of the outer LMC disk
• Birds of a Feather? Magellan/IMACS Spectroscopy of the Ultra-Faint Satellites Grus II, Tucana IV, and Tucana V
• Proper Motions of Stellar Streams Discovered in the Dark Energy Survey
• Completeness of the Gaia-verse II: what are the odds that a star is missing from Gaia DR2?
• Equilibrium models of the Milky Way mass are biased high by the LMC
• Modelling the Tucana III stream - a close passage with the LMC
• The synchronised dance of the Magellanic Clouds' star formation history
• Large scale inhomogeneity and local dynamical friction
• The Proper Motion Field Along the Magellanic Bridge: a New Probe of the LMC-SMC Interaction
• The effect of the deforming dark matter haloes of the Milky Way and the Large Magellanic Cloud on the Orphan-Chenab stream
• The Pisces Plume and the Magellanic Wake
• The Magellanic Corona and the formation of the Magellanic Stream
• The Origin of the Microlensing Events Observed Towards the LMC and the Stellar Counterpart of the Magellanic Stream
• The recent LMC-SMC collision: Timing and impact parameter constraints from comparison of Gaia LMC disk kinematics and N-body simulations
• Quantifying the Stellar Halo's Response to the LMC's Infall with Spherical Harmonics
• Toward a Complete Understanding of the Magellanic Stream Formation
• Clouds in Arms
• Internal dynamics of the Large Magellanic Cloud from Gaia DR2
• A Gaia DR 2 and VLT/FLAMES search for new satellites of the LMC
• A Genetic Approach to the History of the Magellanic Clouds
• The highest-speed local dark matter particles come from the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Uncertainties associated with the backward integration of dwarf satellites using simple parametric potentials
• The Clustering of Orbital Poles Induced by the LMC: Hints for the Origin of Planes of Satellites
• The aftermath of the Great Collision between our Galaxy and the Large Magellanic Cloud
• The Local Group Mass in the light of Gaia
• The Magellanic System: the puzzle of the leading gas stream
• Kinematic analysis of the Large Magellanic Cloud using Gaia DR3
• A SkyMapper view of the Large Magellanic Cloud: The dynamics of stellar populations
• The proper motion of Andromeda from Gaia eDR3: confirming a nearly radial orbit
• The VMC Survey -- XL. Three-dimensional structure of the Small Magellanic Cloud as derived from red clump stars
• Implications of the Milky Way travel velocity for dynamical mass estimates of the Local Group
• Discovery of a disrupting open cluster far into the Milky Way halo: a recent star formation event in the leading arm of the Magellanic stream?
• The impact of a massive Sagittarius dSph on GD-1-like streams
• The impact of the Large Magellanic Cloud on dark matter direct detection signals
• The Magellanic Edges Survey III. Kinematics of the disturbed LMC outskirts
• Spectroscopy of the Young Stellar Association Price-Whelan 1: Origin in the Magellanic Leading Arm and Constraints on the Milky Way Hot Halo
• The course of the Orphan Stream in the Northern Galactic Hemisphere traced with Gaia DR2
• Tidally stripped halo stars from the Large Magellanic Cloud in the Galactic North
• On the Effect of the Large Magellanic Cloud on the Orbital Poles of Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
• Discovery of Magellanic Stellar Debris in the H3 Survey
• Effects on the local dark matter distribution due to the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Detecting the Figure Rotation of Dark Matter Halos with Tidal Streams
• The Tight Empirical Relation between Dark Matter Halo Mass and Flat Rotation Velocity for Late-Type Galaxies
• The LMC impact on the kinematics of the Milky Way satellites: clues from the running solar apex
• Young stars raining through the Galactic Halo: the nature and orbit of Price-Whelan 1

Cited by in corpus (40)

• Chronology of our Galaxy from Gaia Colour-Magnitude Diagram-fitting (ChronoGal). I. The formation and evolution of the thin disk from the Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars
• Discovery of the Magellanic Stellar Stream Out to 100 Kiloparsecs
• Mapping the anisotropic Galactic stellar halo with Blue Horizontal Branch stars
• Structure, Kinematics, and Observability of the Large Magellanic Cloud's Dynamical Friction Wake in Cold vs. Fuzzy Dark Matter
• Milky Way-est: Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations with Large Magellanic Cloud and Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus Analogs
• A portrait of the Vast Polar Structure as a young phenomenon: hints from its member satellites
• Exploring the interaction between the MW and LMC with a large sample of blue horizontal branch stars from the DESI survey
• All-Sky Kinematics of the Distant Halo: The Reflex Response to the LMC
• Equilibrium dynamical models in the inner region of the Large Magellanic Cloud based on Gaia DR3 kinematics
• Discovery of an $[Fe/H]\sim -4.8$ Star in $Gaia$ XP Spectra
• Shaping the Milky Way: The interplay of mergers and cosmic filaments
• LMC-driven anisotropic boosts in stream--subhalo interactions
• Auriga Streams I: disrupting satellites surrounding Milky Way-mass haloes at multiple resolutions
• Apocalypse When? No Certainty of a Milky Way -- Andromeda Collision
• A determination of the LMC dark matter subhalo mass using the MW halo stars in its gravitational wake
• Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers
• Discovery of a Rare Group of Dwarf Galaxies in the Local Universe
• The VMC survey -- LIV. The internal kinematics of the LMC with new VISTA observations
• Following the tidal trail: a history of modeling the Magellanic Stream
• EDEN: Exploring Disks Embedded in N-body simulations of Milky-Way-mass halos from Symphony
• A Simulation Based Inference Approach to the Dynamics of the MW-LMC System -- Validation
• A Study of the Properties and Dynamics of the Disk of Satellites in a Milky-Way-like Galaxy System
• The effect of environment on the mass assembly history of the Milky Way and M31
• Asymmetries in the LMC velocity maps
• StarStream: Automatic detection algorithm for stellar streams
• Searching for new Hypervelocity Stars with Gaia DR3 and VLT/FORS2 Spectroscopy
• Delayed phase mixing in the self-gravitating Galactic disc
• Segue 2 Recently Collided with the Cetus-Palca Stream: New Opportunities to Constrain Dark Matter in an Ultra-Faint Dwarf
• Tidally-induced radial migration waves in LMC-like galaxies
• Discovery of Galactic center ejected star in DESI DR1
• Variable gravitational potential of Milky Way analogues in HESTIA suite
• Threading the Magellanic Needle: Hypervelocity Stars Trace the Past Location of the LMC
• Probabilistic Inference of the Structure and Orbit of Milky Way Satellites with Semi-Analytic Modeling
• Mapping the Distorted Dark Matter Distribution of the LMC-SMC System Prior to Milky Way Infall with Basis Function Expansions
• Quantifying the Milky Way, LMC and their interaction using all-sky kinematics of outer halo stars
• GSE vs. LMC: reshaping of radially biased stellar haloes by satellites
• Timing Mass of the Local Group
• The long-term stability of the Vast Polar Structure and its connection to a possible previous passage of the LMC
• The orbital dynamics of the LMC and SMC about the Milky Way
• Redshifts of Objects near 3C 220.3