ELVES I: Structures of Dwarf Satellites of MW-like Galaxies; Morphology, Scaling Relations, and Intrinsic Shapes

Abstract

The structure of a dwarf galaxy is an important probe into the effects of stellar feedback and environment. Using an unprecedented sample of 223 low-mass satellites from the ongoing Exploration of Local VolumE Satellites (ELVES) Survey, we explore the structures of dwarf satellites in the mass range $10^{5.5}<M_{\star }<10^{8.5}$M${}_{\odot }$. We survey satellites around $80\%$ of the massive, $M_K<-22.4$ mag, hosts in the Local Volume. Our sample of dwarf satellites is complete to luminosities of $M_V<-9$ mag and surface brightness ${\mu }_{0,V}<26.5$ mag arcsec${}^{-2}$ within at least $\sim 200$ projected kpc. We separate the satellites into late- and early-type, finding the mass-size relations are very similar between them, to within $\sim 5\%$. This similarity indicates that the quenching and transformation of a late-type dwarf into an early-type involves only very mild size evolution. Considering the distribution of apparent ellipticities, we infer the intrinsic shapes of the early- and late-type samples. Combining with literature samples, we find that both types of dwarfs get thicker at fainter luminosities but early-types are always rounder at fixed luminosity. Finally, we compare the LV satellites with dwarf samples from the cores of the Virgo and Fornax clusters. We find that the cluster satellites show similar scaling relations to the LV early-type dwarfs but are roughly $10\%$ larger at fixed mass, which we interpret as being due to tidal heating in the cluster environments. The dwarf structure results presented here are a useful reference for simulations of dwarf galaxy formation and the transformation of dwarf irregulars into spheroidals.

Submitted to ApJ. Comments welcome

References in corpus (62)

• 3D-HST+CANDELS: The Evolution of the Galaxy Size-Mass Distribution since $z=3$
• Some Aspects of Measurement Error in Linear Regression of Astronomical Data
• Updated Nearby Galaxy Catalog
• Evolution of asymptotic giant branch stars I. Updated synthetic TP-AGB models and their basic calibration
• The Tidal Evolution of Local Group Dwarf Spheroidals
• NIHAO XI: Formation of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies by outflows
• Imfit: A Fast, Flexible New Program for Astronomical Image Fitting
• The origin of dwarf ellipticals in the Virgo cluster
• Galaxy Groups within 3500 km s${}^{-1}$
• Virgo cluster early-type dwarf galaxies with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. III. Subpopulations: distributions, shapes, origins
• The Hubble flow around the CenA / M83 galaxy complex
• The SAGA Survey. II. Building a Statistical Sample of Satellite Systems around Milky Way-like Galaxies
• On the origin of the faint-end of the red sequence in high density environments
• Scaling Relations and the Fundamental Line of the Local Group Dwarf Galaxies
• The GALEX Ultraviolet Virgo Cluster Survey (GUViCS). IV: The role of the cluster environment on galaxy evolution
• Ultra-faint dwarfs in a Milky Way context: Introducing the Mint Condition DC Justice League Simulations
• The Dearth of Neutral Hydrogen in Galactic Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies
• The formation and evolution of low-surface-brightness galaxies
• Formation of blue compact dwarf galaxies from merging and interacting gas-rich dwarfs
• TiNy Titans: The Role of Dwarf-Dwarf Interactions in the Evolution of Low Mass Galaxies
• The discovery of seven extremely low surface brightness galaxies in the field of the nearby spiral galaxy M101
• On the formation of dwarf galaxies and stellar halos
• Satellite Dwarf Galaxies in a Hierarchical Universe: The Prevalence of Dwarf-Dwarf Major Mergers
• The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). XXX. Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies and their Globular Cluster Systems
• Shadows in the Dark: Low-Surface-Brightness Galaxies Discovered in the Dark Energy Survey
• First results from the MADCASH Survey: A Faint Dwarf Galaxy Companion to the Low Mass Spiral Galaxy NGC 2403 at 3.2 Mpc
• The shapes of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• The Formation of Isolated Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies in Romulus25
• The early-type dwarf galaxy population of the Hydra I cluster
• The Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with VST. VI. Optical properties of the dwarf galaxies in the Fornax cluster
• SatGen: a semi-analytical satellite galaxy generator -- I. The model and its application to Local-Group satellite statistics
• Stellar Kinematics and Structural Properties of Virgo Cluster Dwarf Early-Type Galaxies from the SMAKCED Project III. Rotation versus Pressure Support
• Discovery of diffuse dwarf galaxy candidates around M101
• The origin of the mu_e - M_B and Kormendy relations in dwarf elliptical galaxies
• The origin of low-surface-brightness galaxies in the dwarf regime
• Quenching timescales of dwarf satellites around Milky Way-mass hosts
• The Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with the VST XI. The search for signs of preprocessing between the Fornax main cluster and Fornax A group
• Galaxy populations in the Antlia cluster. I. Photometric properties of early-type galaxies
• Luminosity Functions and Host-to-Host Scatter of Dwarf Satellite Systems in the Local Volume
• Orbital masses of nearby luminous galaxies
• Using Surface Brightness Fluctuations to Study Nearby Satellite Galaxy Systems: Calibration and Methodology
• Star Formation in Isolated Dwarf Galaxies Hosting Tidal Debris: Extending the Dwarf-Dwarf Merger Sequence
• Radial Distributions of Dwarf Satellite Systems in the Local Volume
• Newly discovered dwarf galaxies in the MATLAS low density fields
• The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). XXIV. The Red Sequence to $\sim$10${}^6$ L${}_{\odot }$ and Comparisons with Galaxy Formation Models
• Measuring distances to low-luminosity galaxies using surface brightness fluctuations
• Satellites Around Milky Way Analogs: Tension in the Number and Fraction of Quiescent Satellites Seen in Observations Versus Simulations
• Detection of a distinct metal-poor stellar halo in the early-type galaxy NGC 3115
• Galactic Tides and the Shape and Orientation of Dwarf Galaxy Satellites
• The SAMI -- Fornax Dwarfs Survey I: Sample, observations and the specific stellar angular momentum of dwarf elliptical galaxies
• Pecular velocities of galaxies in the Leo Spur
• The Effects of Ram-pressure Stripping and Supernova Winds on the Tidal Stirring of Disky Dwarfs: Enhanced Transformation into Dwarf Spheroidals
• Using Surface Brightness Fluctuations to Study Nearby Satellite Galaxy Systems: the Complete Satellite System of M101
• How nucleation and luminosity shape faint dwarf galaxies
• The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. IX. Estimating the Efficiency of Galaxy Formation on the Lowest-Mass Scales
• The intrinsic ellipticity of dwarf spheroidal galaxies: constraints from the Andromeda system
• How similar is the stellar structure of low-mass late-type galaxies to that of early-type dwarfs?
• Building the Stellar Halo Through Feedback in Dwarf Galaxies
• Signatures of quenching in dwarf galaxies in local galaxy clusters
• Dwarf Galaxy Discoveries from the KMTNet Supernova Program II. The NGC 3585 Group and Its Dynamical State
• The shapes and alignments of the satellites of the Milky Way and Andromeda
• The Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with the VST: III. Low Surface Brightness (LSB) dwarfs and Ultra Diffuse Galaxies (UDGs) in the center of the Fornax cluster

Cited by in corpus (48)

• ELVES II: GCs and Nuclear Star Clusters of Dwarf Galaxies; The Importance of Environment
• Origin and evolution of ultra-diffuse galaxies in different environments
• Hubble Space Telescope Observations of NGC 253 Dwarf Satellites: Discovery of Three Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxies
• Formation of globular clusters in dwarf galaxies of the Local Group
• An almost dark galaxy with the mass of the Small Magellanic Cloud
• The Pandora project. I: the impact of radiation and cosmic rays on baryonic and dark matter properties of dwarf galaxies
• ELVES III: Environmental Quenching by Milky Way-Mass Hosts
• Galaxy populations in the Hydra I cluster from the VEGAS survey I. Optical properties of a large sample of dwarf galaxies
• The environment of AGN dwarf galaxies at z$\sim$0.7 from the VIPERS survey
• The morphological mix of dwarf galaxies in the nearby Universe
• Photometric Mass Estimation and the Stellar Mass-Halo Mass Relation for Low Mass Galaxies
• Beyond Ultra-diffuse Galaxies. I. Mass--Size Outliers among the Satellites of Milky Way Analogs
• The Missing Satellite Problem Outside of the Local Group. II. Statistical Properties of Satellites of Milky Way-like Galaxies
• The In-situ Origins of Dwarf Stellar Outskirts in FIRE-2
• Discovery of a red backsplash galaxy candidate near M81
• Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies as Extreme Star-forming Environments II: Star Formation and Pressure Balance in HI-Rich UDGs
• It's a Breeze: The Circumgalactic Medium of a Dwarf Galaxy is Easy to Strip
• The Nature of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey
• Hedgehog: An Isolated Quiescent Dwarf Galaxy at 2.4 Mpc
• The Quenched Satellite Population Around Milky Way Analogs
• The impact of environment on size: Galaxies are 50% smaller in the Fornax Cluster compared to the field
• A search for stellar tidal streams around Milky Way analogues from the SAGA sample
• HI Properties of Satellite Galaxies around Local Volume Hosts
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: The MaNGA Dwarf Galaxy Sample
• Around the Spindle galaxy: the dark halo mass of NGC3115
• Frequency of the dark matter subhalo collisions and bifurcation sequence arising formation of dwarf galaxies
• Beyond Ultra-diffuse Galaxies. II. Environmental Quenching of Mass-Size Outliers among the Satellites of Milky Way Analogs
• Direct Measurement of Extinction in a Planet-Hosting Gap
• The Shape of FIREbox Galaxies and a Potential Tension with Low-mass Disks
• EDEN: Exploring Disks Embedded in N-body simulations of Milky-Way-mass halos from Symphony
• Dwarf galaxies with central cores in modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) gravity
• Application of the Eddington inversion method to constrain the dark matter halo of galaxies using only observed surface brightness profiles
• Addressing the core-cusp and diversity problem of dwarf and disk galaxies using cold collisionless DARKexp theory
• Environmental Quenching of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies near Milky Way mass Hosts
• Environmental Invariance of the Galaxy Size-Mass Relation
• Constraining the shape of dark matter haloes using only starlight. I. A new technique and its application to the galaxy Nube
• Quenching of satellite galaxies of Milky Way analogues: reconciling theory and observations
• The Formation of Dwarf Galaxy Disks
• The Role of Mass and Environment on Satellite distributions around Milky Way analogs in the Romulus25 simulation
• Extending the SAGA Survey (xSAGA) I: Satellite Radial Profiles as a Function of Host Galaxy Properties
• Distinguishing Dark Matter Cusps from Cores using Globular Clusters
• Revisiting the relation between the number of globular clusters and galaxy mass for low mass galaxies
• Imprints of tidal interactions on the stellar distribution of satellite galaxies: implications for dark matter deficient galaxies
• Everything Every Band All at Once I: A Global Morphology Catalog in Abell 2744 based on UNCOVER/MegaScience
• HI Observations of Baryon-Dominated Dwarf Galaxy Candidates
• Tidal Grinding of Dwarf Galaxies in Cluster Environments
• Photometric properties of nuclear star clusters and their host galaxies in the Fornax cluster
• The Exploration of Local VolumE Satellites (ELVES) Survey: A Nearly Volume-Limited Sample of Nearby Dwarf Satellite Systems