Strong gravitational lensing of explosive transients

Abstract

Recent rapid progress in time domain surveys makes it possible to detect various types of explosive transients in the Universe in large numbers, some of which will be gravitationally lensed into multiple images. Although a large number of strongly lensed distant galaxies and quasars have already been discovered, strong lensing of explosive transients opens up new applications, including improved measurements of cosmological parameters, powerful probes of small scale structure of the Universe, and new observational tests of dark matter scenarios, thanks to their rapidly evolving light curves as well as their compact sizes. In particular, compact sizes of emitting regions of these transient events indicate that wave optics effects play an important role in some cases, which can lead to totally new applications of these lensing events. Recently we have witnessed first discoveries of strongly lensed supernovae, and strong lensing events of other types of explosive transients such as gamma-ray bursts, fast radio bursts, and gravitational waves from compact binary mergers are expected to be observed soon. In this review article, we summarize the current state of research on strong gravitational lensing of explosive transients and discuss future prospects.

44 pages, 20 figures, a review article to be published in Reports on Progress in Physics

References in corpus (97)

• GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
• Advanced Virgo: a 2nd generation interferometric gravitational wave detector
• Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger
• Gravitational Waves and Gamma-rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A
• Advanced LIGO
• GW170814: A Three-Detector Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Coalescence
• Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheid Standards Provide a 1% Foundation for the Determination of the Hubble Constant and Stronger Evidence for Physics Beyond LambdaCDM
• A bright millisecond radio burst of extragalactic origin
• A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant
• H0LiCOW XIII. A 2.4% measurement of $H_0$ from lensed quasars: $5.3\sigma$ tension between early and late-Universe probes
• The Host Galaxy and Redshift of the Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 121102
• Fast Radio Bursts
• Fast Radio Burst Discovered in the Arecibo Pulsar ALFA Survey
• Fast Radio Bursts: An Extragalactic Enigma
• H0LiCOW V. New COSMOGRAIL time delays of HE0435-1223: $H_0$ to 3.8% precision from strong lensing in a flat $\Lambda$CDM model
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. V. The Full ACS Strong-Lens Sample
• SNLS3: Constraints on Dark Energy Combining the Supernova Legacy Survey Three Year Data with Other Probes
• The Detection of a Population of Submillimeter-Bright, Strongly-Lensed Galaxies
• A single fast radio burst localized to a massive galaxy at cosmological distance
• The Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 121102 as Seen on Milliarcsecond Angular Scales
• The Galaxy Population Hosting Gamma-Ray Bursts
• A universal model for halo concentrations
• A fast radio burst localised to a massive galaxy
• Multiple Images of a Highly Magnified Supernova Formed by an Early-Type Cluster Galaxy Lens
• The rate, luminosity function and time delay of non-Collapsar short GRBs
• A Second Source of Repeating Fast Radio Bursts
• Cluster Lenses
• SN 2005ap: A Most Brilliant Explosion
• The Status of Multi-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Models
• Search for gravitational lensing signatures in LIGO-Virgo binary black hole events
• The Halos of Satellite Galaxies: the Companion of the Massive Elliptical Lens SL2S J08544-0121
• Observations of Fast Radio Bursts at Frequencies down to 400 Megahertz
• Super-luminous supernovae at redshifts of 2.05 and 3.90
• Gravitational Lens Time Delays: A Statistical Assessment of Lens Model Dependences and Implications for the Global Hubble Constant
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Lens Search. I. Candidate Selection Algorithm
• Strong lensing optical depths in a \LambdaCDM universe
• First catalog of strong lens candidates in the COSMOS field
• The Mount Wilson Observatory S-index of the Sun
• The prevalence of repeating fast radio bursts
• Gamma-ray Burst Cosmology
• LinKS: Discovering galaxy-scale strong lenses in the Kilo-Degree Survey using Convolutional Neural Networks
• A New Survey for Giant Arcs
• The Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder: System Architecture and Specifications of the Boolardy Engineering Test Array
• What if LIGO's gravitational wave detections are strongly lensed by massive galaxy clusters?
• Observational signatures of microlensing in gravitational waves at LIGO/Virgo frequencies
• Detection of the Gravitational Lens Magnifying a Type Ia Supernova
• Strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves from double compact binaries - perspectives for the Einstein Telescope
• Gravitational Microlensing
• Strong lensing of gravitational waves as seen by LISA
• Microlensing of Lensed Supernovae
• Implications from ASKAP Fast Radio Burst Statistics
• How to Find Gravitationally Lensed Type Ia Supernovae
• Large Einstein Radii: A Problem for LambdaCDM
• Gravitational lenses and lens candidates identified from the COSMOS field
• The finite source size effect and the wave optics in gravitational lensing
• Magnified or multiply imaged? - Search strategies for gravitationally lensed supernovae in wide-field surveys
• Revised Lens Model for the Multiply-Imaged Lensed Supernova, "SN Refsdal", in MACS J1149+2223
• Searching for Highly Magnified Stars at Cosmological Distances: Discovery of a Redshift 0.94 Blue Supergiant in Archival Images of the Galaxy Cluster MACS J0416.1-2403
• On the waveforms of gravitationally lensed gravitational waves
• Highly Magnified Stars in Lensing Clusters: New Evidence in a Galaxy Lensed by MACS J0416.1-2403
• Merging Rates of Compact Binaries in Galaxies: Perspectives for Gravitational Wave Detections
• The ASAS-SN Bright Supernova Catalog $-$ II. 2015
• On the wave optics effect on primordial black hole constraints from optical microlensing search
• Gravitational lensing of gravitational waves: wave nature and prospects for detection
• The Hubble constant inferred from 18 time-delay lenses
• Turning Gravitationally Lensed Supernovae into Cosmological Probes
• Constraining cosmological parameters in FLRW metric with lensed GW+EM signals
• Interpreting the strongly lensed supernova iPTF16geu: time delay predictions, microlensing, and lensing rates
• The strongest gravitational lenses: I. The statistical impact of cluster mergers
• Targeted Sub-threshold Search for Strongly-lensed Gravitational-wave Events
• Predicted properties of multiple images of the strongly lensed supernova SN Refsdal
• The Sloan Bright Arcs Survey : Six Strongly Lensed Galaxies at z=0.4-1.4
• Astrometric requirements for strong lensing time-delay cosmography
• The wave nature of continuous gravitational waves from microlensing
• High-redshift supernova rates measured with the gravitational telescope A1689
• Probing motion of fast radio burst sources by timing strongly lensed repeaters
• Gravitational Lensing of Gravitational Waves: Rotation of Polarization Plane
• Strongly Lensed Gravitational Waves and Electromagnetic Signals as Powerful Cosmic Rulers
• Magnification, dust and time-delay constraints from the first resolved strongly lensed Type Ia supernova
• Lens modelling of the strongly lensed Type Ia supernova iPTF16geu
• Nanolensed fast Radio Bursts
• How does the Earth's rotation affect predictions of gravitational wave strong lensing rates?
• GERLUMPH Data Release 2: 2.5 billion simulated microlensing light curves
• Properties of Wide-separation Lensed Quasars by Clusters of Galaxies in the SDSS
• Complementary constraints on dark energy equation of state from strongly lensed gravitational wave
• Searches for Population III pair-instability supernovae: Predictions for ULTIMATE-Subaru and WFIRST
• Search for strong gravitational lensing effect in the current GRB data of BATSE
• Effects of galaxy-halo alignment and adiabatic contraction on gravitational lens statistics
• Imprint of Gravitational Lensing by Population III Stars in Gamma Ray Burst Light Curves
• Twin LIGO/Virgo Detections of a Viable Gravitationally-Lensed Black Hole Merger
• A size-duration trend for gamma-ray burst progenitors
• Hubble Constant from LSST Strong lens time delays with microlensing systematics
• Supernova forecast with strong lensing
• Prospects for observing strongly lensed supernovae behind Hubble Frontier Fields galaxy clusters with the James Webb Space Telescope
• Searches for Population III Pair-Instability Supernovae: Impact of Gravitational Lensing Magnification
• The strongest gravitational lenses: III. The order statistics of the largest Einstein radii
• A Quadruply Lensed SN Ia: Gaining a Time-Delay...Losing a Standard Candle

Cited by in corpus (116)

• Challenges for $\Lambda$CDM: An update
• Properties and astrophysical implications of the 150 Msun binary black hole merger GW190521
• Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• Phase effects from strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves
• Constraints on the Hubble constant from Supernova Refsdal's reappearance
• Localizing merging black holes with sub-arcsecond precision using gravitational-wave lensing
• Inferring the Energy and Distance Distributions of Fast Radio Bursts using the First CHIME/FRB Catalog
• Can we distinguish astrophysical from primordial black holes via the stochastic gravitational wave background?
• Probing Dark Low-mass Halos and Primordial Black Holes with Frequency-dependent Gravitational Lensing Dispersions of Gravitational Waves
• Search for strongly lensed counterpart images of binary black hole mergers in the first two LIGO observing runs
• Stellar-mass microlensing of gravitational waves
• Evidence for an intermediate-mass black hole from a gravitationally lensed gamma-ray burst
• HOLISMOKES -- I. Highly Optimised Lensing Investigations of Supernovae, Microlensing Objects, and Kinematics of Ellipticals and Spirals
• Gravitational wave lensing as a probe of halo properties and dark matter
• Lensing of gravitational waves: efficient wave-optics methods and validation with symmetric lenses
• Bayesian statistical framework for identifying strongly lensed gravitational-wave signals
• Strongly Lensed Transient Sources: A Review
• Fast Calculation of Gravitational Lensing Properties of Elliptical Navarro-Frenk-White and Hernquist Density Profiles
• A hidden population of high-redshift double quasars unveiled by astrometry
• Breaking the mass-sheet degeneracy with gravitational wave interference in lensed events
• Uncovering a population of gravitational lens galaxies with magnified standard candle SN Zwicky
• Lensed Type Ia Supernova "Encore" at z=2: The First Instance of Two Multiply-Imaged Supernovae in the Same Host Galaxy
• Search for Lensed Gravitational Waves Including Morse Phase Information: An Intriguing Candidate in O2
• Strong gravitational lensing and microlensing of supernovae
• Impact of astrophysical binary coalescence timescales on the rate of lensed gravitational wave events
• Absorption, Scattering, Geodesics, Shadows and Lensing Phenomena of Black Holes in Effective Quantum Gravity
• Discovering gravitationally lensed gravitational waves: predicted rates, candidate selection, and localization with the Vera Rubin Observatory
• Improved time-delay lens modelling and $H_0$ inference with transient sources
• The Hubble constant from strongly lensed supernovae with standardizable magnifications
• Lensed or not lensed: Determining lensing magnifications for binary neutron star mergers from a single detection
• Shock cooling of a red-supergiant supernova at redshift 3 in lensed images
• Constraining Primordial Black Holes using Fast Radio Burst Gravitational-Lens Interferometry with CHIME/FRB
• Inferring the lensing rate of LIGO-Virgo sources from the stochastic gravitational wave background
• Projected Cosmological Constraints from Strongly Lensed Supernovae with the Roman Space Telescope
• JWST Photometric Time-Delay and Magnification Measurements for the Triply-Imaged Type Ia "Supernova H0pe" at z = 1.78
• The Magnificent Five Images of Supernova Refsdal: Time Delay and Magnification Measurements
• Statistical modelling of the cosmological dispersion measure
• Event rate predictions of strongly lensed gravitational waves with detector networks and more realistic templates
• Polarization distortions of lensed gravitational waves
• lensingGW: a Python package for lensing of gravitational waves
• Stellar prospects for FRB gravitational lensing
• Magnification, dust and time-delay constraints from the first resolved strongly lensed Type Ia supernova
• Strong lens modelling: comparing and combining Bayesian neural networks and parametric profile fitting
• A High-Time Resolution Search for Compact Objects using Fast Radio Burst Gravitational Lens Interferometry with CHIME/FRB
• Lensing of gravitational waves: universal signatures in the beating pattern
• Spectroscopy of the first resolved strongly lensed Type Ia supernova iPTF16geu
• Amplitude and phase fluctuations of gravitational waves magnified by strong gravitational lensing
• Revealing Dark Matter Dress of Primordial Black Holes by Cosmological Lensing
• A Search for Millilensing Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Observations of Fermi GBM
• Imprints of Gravitational Millilensing on the Light Curve of GRBs
• GLoW: novel methods for wave-optics phenomena in gravitational lensing
• Gravitational-wave cosmological distances in scalar-tensor theories of gravity
• Searching for Gravitational Waves with Strongly Lensed Repeating Fast Radio Bursts
• On arrival time difference between lensed gravitational waves and light
• A search for lensed gamma-ray bursts in 11 years of observations by Fermi GBM
• A Comprehensive Analysis on Repeating Fast Radio Bursts
• Geodesics, accretion disk, gravitational lensing, time delay, and effects on neutrinos induced by a non-commutative black hole
• Model-Independent Determination of $H_0$ and ${\Omega }_{K,0}$ using Time-Delay Galaxy Lenses and Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Antisymmetric tensor influence on charged black hole lensing phenomena and time delay
• Packed Ultra-wideband Mapping Array (PUMA): Astro2020 RFI Response
• The DES Bright Arcs Survey: Candidate Strongly Lensed Galaxy Systems from the Dark Energy Survey 5,000 Sq. Deg. Footprint
• Observational Signatures of Highly Magnified Gravitational Waves from Compact Binary Coalescence
• Non-commutativity in Hayward spacetime
• DeepZipper: A Novel Deep Learning Architecture for Lensed Supernovae Identification
• Identifying lensed quasars and measuring their time-delays from unresolved light curves
• Searching for gravitationally lensed gamma-ray bursts with their afterglows
• Weak lensing of gravitational waves in wave optics: Beyond the Born approximation
• Gravitational signatures of a nonlinear electrodynamics in $f(R,T)$ gravity
• Compact Binaries through a Lens: Silent vs. Detectable Microlensing for the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Gravitational Wave Observatories
• Parameter estimation of microlensed gravitational waves with Conditional Variational Autoencoders
• Simulating time-varying strong lenses
• Wave effect of gravitational waves intersected with a microlens field II: an adaptive hierarchical tree algorithm and population study
• What is the nature of GW230529? An exploration of the gravitational lensing hypothesis
• A search for transients in the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS): Three new supernovae
• Effects of Galaxy Cluster Structure on Lensed Gravitational Waves
• Hunting Galactic Axion Dark Matter with Gravitationally Lensed Fast Radio Bursts
• Determining Cosmological-model-independent $H_0$ with Gravitationally Lensed Supernova Refsdal
• Identifying Strongly Lensed Gravitational Waves with the Third-generation Detectors
• Lensing and wave optics in the strong field of a black hole
• The Observable Supernova Rate in Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing Systems with the TESS Satellite
• DeepGraviLens: a Multi-Modal Architecture for Classifying Gravitational Lensing Data
• Gravitational Lensing in More Realistic Dark Matter Halo Models
• Strong and weak lensing of Gravitational Waves: a semi-analytical approach
• A targeted search for strongly lensed supernovae with the Las Cumbres Observatory
• Strongly Lensed Supernovae in Well-Studied Galaxy Clusters with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory
• A search for gravitationally lensed supernovae within the Zwicky Transient Facility public survey
• Combining strongly lensed and unlensed fast radio bursts: To be a more precise late-universe probe
• Forecast of strongly lensed supernovae rates in the China Space Station Telescope surveys
• Enabling discovery of gravitationally lensed explosive transients: a new method to build an all-sky watch-list of groups and clusters of galaxies
• Image Rotation from weak Lensing
• Diffraction around caustics in gravitational wave lensing
• lenscat: a Public and Community-Contributed Catalog of Known Strong Gravitational Lenses
• The Born approximation in wave optics gravitational lensing revisited
• The Effect of Gravitational Lensing on Fast Transient Event Rates
• Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey (DEVILS): DR1 Blended Spectra Search for Candidate Strong Gravitational Lenses
• Impact of gravitational lensing on black hole mass function inference with third-generation gravitational wave detectors
• Time Delay Anomalies of Fuzzy Gravitational Lenses
• Identification of Strongly Lensed Gravitational Wave Events Using Squeeze-and-Excitation Multilayer Perceptron Data-efficient Image Transformer
• Harnessing Unresolved Lensed Quasars: The Mathematical Foundation of the Fluctuation Curve
• Testing Lens Models of PLCK G165.7+67.0 Using Lensed SN H0pe
• Toward Gravitational Lensing in Modified Theories of Gravity
• Understanding the predication mechanism of deep learning through error propagation among parameters in strong lensing case
• The radio afterglow of the ultra-long GRB 220627A
• Fast Radio Bursts from non-resonant Alfvén waves and synchrotron maser emission in the magnetar wind
• Improved Identification of Strongly Lensed Gravitational Waves with Host Galaxy Locations
• Gravitational Lensing of Gravitational Waves from Astrophysical Sources: Theory, Detection, and Applications
• Revisiting The Gravitational Mirroring In Presence of Compact Objects
• Fermi-GBM Observations of GRB 210812A: Signatures of a Million Solar Mass Gravitational Lens
• Mock Catalogs of Strongly Lensed Gravitational Waves via A Halo Model Approach with Ground-based Detectors
• Across the Universe: GW231123 as a magnified and diffracted black hole merger
• DeepZipper II: Searching for Lensed Supernovae in Dark Energy Survey Data with Deep Learning
• Probing Dark Matter Substructure with Image Number Anomaly in Strong Lensing Systems
• Breaking the Mass-sheet Degeneracy in Time-delay Cosmology with Lensed and Unlensed Type Ia Supernovae
• Consistency relations of amplitude and phase fluctuations of gravitational waves magnified by strong gravitational lensing
• Machine Learning Identification of Gravitationally Microlensed Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Gravitational lensing of Continuous Gravitational Waves