The Detection of a Population of Submillimeter-Bright, Strongly-Lensed Galaxies

Abstract

Gravitational lensing is a powerful astrophysical and cosmological probe and is particularly valuable at submillimeter wavelengths for the study of the statistical and individual properties of dusty starforming galaxies. However the identification of gravitational lenses is often time-intensive, involving the sifting of large volumes of imaging or spectroscopic data to find few candidates. We used early data from the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey to demonstrate that wide-area submillimeter surveys can simply and easily detect strong gravitational lensing events, with close to 100% efficiency.

This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the AAAS for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Science VOL 330, (Nov 5th, 2010), doi:10.1126/science.1193420

References in corpus (8)

• A simple model to interpret the ultraviolet, optical and infrared emission from galaxies
• Intense Star Formation within Resolved Compact Regions in a Galaxy at z=2.3
• Astrophysical and Cosmological Information from Large-scale sub-mm Surveys of Extragalactic Sources
• Over half of the far-infrared background light comes from galaxies at z >= 1.2
• The formation and assembly of a typical star-forming galaxy at z~3
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Lens Search. I. Candidate Selection Algorithm
• First catalog of strong lens candidates in the COSMOS field
• Super-resolving distant galaxies with gravitational telescopes: Keck-LGSAO and Hubble imaging of the lens system SDSSJ0737+3216

Cited by in corpus (151)

• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: 850um maps, catalogues and number counts
• A measurement of secondary cosmic microwave background anisotropies from the 2500-square-degree SPT-SZ survey
• Submillimetre galaxies in a hierarchical universe: number counts, redshift distribution, and implications for the IMF
• High-redshift star formation in the ALMA era
• The Herschel-ATLAS Data Release 1 Paper I: Maps, Catalogues and Number Counts
• Submillimeter Follow-up of WISE-Selected Hyperluminous Galaxies
• The Herschel-ATLAS: a sample of 500μm-selected lensed galaxies over 600 square degrees
• The Rest-Frame Submillimeter Spectrum of High-Redshift, Dusty, Star-Forming Galaxies
• Molecular gas in the Herschel-selected strongly lensed submillimeter galaxies at z~2-4 as probed by multi-J CO lines
• The Complete Redshift Distribution of Dusty Star-forming Galaxies from the SPT-SZ Survey
• RingFinder: automated detection of galaxy-scale gravitational lenses in ground-based multi-filter imaging data
• The space density of luminous dusty star-forming galaxies at $z>4$: SCUBA-2 and LABOCA imaging of ultrared galaxies from $Herschel$-ATLAS
• LinKS: Discovering galaxy-scale strong lenses in the Kilo-Degree Survey using Convolutional Neural Networks
• The East Asian Observatory SCUBA--2 survey of the COSMOS field: unveiling 1147 bright sub-millimeter sources across 2.6 square degrees
• Automated Mining of the ALMA Archive in the COSMOS Field (A3COSMOS): I. Robust ALMA Continuum Photometry Catalogs and Stellar Mass and Star Formation Properties for ~700 Galaxies at z=0.5-6
• Turbulent Gas in Lensed Planck-selected Starbursts at redshifts 1-3.5
• The Herschel-ATLAS Data Release 1 Paper II: Multi-wavelength counterparts to submillimetre sources
• Large turbulent reservoirs of cold molecular gas around high-redshift starburst galaxies
• Size bias and differential lensing of strongly lensed, dusty galaxies identified in wide-field surveys
• Far-infrared surveys of galaxy evolution
• The properties of the interstellar medium of galaxies across time as traced by the neutral atomic carbon [CI]
• Herschel-ATLAS/GAMA: a census of dust in optically selected galaxies from stacking at submillimetre wavelengths
• Physical conditions of the interstellar medium of high-redshift, strongly lensed submillimetre galaxies from the Herschel-ATLAS
• What does strong gravitational lensing? The mass and redshift distribution of high-magnification lenses
• The ALMA Frontier Fields survey I: 1.1 mm continuum detections in Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403 and MACSJ1149.5+2223
• Millimeter-wave Point Sources from the 2500-square-degree SPT-SZ Survey: Catalog and Population Statistics
• HerMES: The Rest-Frame UV Emission and A Lensing Model for the z=6.34 Luminous Dusty Starburst Galaxy HFLS3
• An ALMA survey of the S2CLS UDS field: Optically invisible submillimetre galaxies
• Submillimetre observations of WISE-selected high-redshift, luminous, dusty galaxies
• The most distant, luminous, dusty star-forming galaxies: redshifts from NOEMA and ALMA spectral scans
• The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: The nature of the faintest dusty star-forming galaxies
• Submillimeter H2O and H2O+ emission in lensed ultra- and hyper-luminous infrared galaxies at z ~ 2-4
• Knocking on giants' doors: I. The evolution of the dust-to-stellar mass ratio in distant dusty galaxies
• Confirming Herschel candidate protoclusters from ALMA/VLA CO observations
• The Herschel-ATLAS Data Release 2, Paper I. Submillimeter and Far-infrared Images of the South and North Galactic Poles: The Largest Herschel Survey of the Extragalactic Sky
• The Herschel Bright Sources (HerBS): Sample definition and SCUBA-2 observations
• Lens Models of Herschel-Selected Galaxies From High-Resolution Near-IR Observations
• The interstellar medium in high-redshift submillimeter galaxies as probed by infrared spectroscopy
• VLA imaging of 12CO J=1-0 and free-free emission in lensed submillimetre galaxies
• NOEMA redshift measurements of bright Herschel galaxies
• An ALMA Spectroscopic Survey of the Brightest Submillimeter Galaxies in the SCUBA-2-COSMOS field (AS2COSPEC): Survey Description and First Results
• Herschel-ATLAS and ALMA: HATLAS J142935.3-002836, a lensed major merger at redshift 1.027
• Full of Orions: a 200-pc mapping of the interstellar medium in the redshift-3 lensed dusty star-forming galaxy SDP.81
• Total Molecular Gas Masses of Planck - Herschel Selected Strongly Lensed Hyper Luminous Infrared Galaxies
• Deep Learning for Strong Lensing Search: Tests of the Convolutional Neural Networks and New Candidates from KiDS DR3
• CHITAH: Strong-gravitational-lens hunter in imaging surveys
• CO, H2O, H2O+ line and dust emission in a z = 3.63 strongly lensed starburst merger at sub-kiloparsec scales
• Evidence for lensing of gravitational waves from LIGO-Virgo
• JWST's PEARLS: A JWST/NIRCam view of ALMA sources
• Up to 100,000 reliable strong gravitational lenses in future dark energy experiments
• Close-up view of a luminous star-forming galaxy at z=2.95
• ALMACAL II: Extreme star-formation-rate densities in a pair of dusty starbursts at $z=3.442$ revealed by ALMA 20-milliarcsec resolution imaging
• The fate of the interstellar medium in early-type galaxies. I. First direct measurement of the timescale of dust removal
• The Bright Extragalactic ALMA Redshift Survey (BEARS) I: redshifts of bright gravitationally-lensed galaxies from the Herschel ATLAS
• Strong Lensing by Galaxies
• Lensing efficiency for gravitational wave mergers
• Detecting gravitational lenses using machine learning: exploring interpretability and sensitivity to rare lensing configurations
• Tracing cool molecular gas and star formation on $\sim 100$pc scales within a $z=2.3$ galaxy
• Bright Extragalactic ALMA Redshift Survey (BEARS) III: Detailed study of emission lines from 71 Herschel targets
• Rapid build-up of the stellar content in the protocluster core SPT2349$-$56 at $z=4.3$
• A search for the lenses in the Herschel Bright Sources (HerBS) Sample
• The bright end of the infrared luminosity functions and the abundance of hyperluminous infrared galaxies
• z-GAL -- A NOEMA spectroscopic redshift survey of bright Herschel galaxies: [I] Overview
• IRAM 30m-EMIR Redshift Search of z = 3-4 Lensed Dusty Starbursts selected from the HerBS sample
• The Herschel-ATLAS: magnifications and physical sizes of $500\mu$m-selected strongly lensed galaxies
• A machine learning based approach to gravitational lens identification with the International LOFAR Telescope
• Infrared luminosity functions and dust mass functions in the EAGLE simulation
• PRUSSIC I - a JVLA survey of HCN/HCO+/HNC (1-0) emission in z$\sim$3 dusty galaxies: Low dense-gas fractions in high-redshift star-forming galaxies
• PASSAGES: The Large Millimeter Telescope and ALMA Observations of Extremely Luminous High Redshift Galaxies Identified by the Planck
• Extensive light profile fitting of galaxy-scale strong lenses
• Cosmology with the sub-millimetre galaxies magnification bias: Tomographic Analysis
• Distortion of the luminosity function of high-redshift galaxies by gravitational lensing
• NIKA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey: Survey Description and Galaxy Number Counts
• Cosmological constraints with the sub-millimetre galaxies Magnification Bias after large scale bias corrections
• z-GAL -- A NOEMA spectroscopic redshift survey of bright Herschel galaxies: [III] Physical properties
• A complete distribution of redshifts for sub-millimetre galaxies in the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UDS field
• Complex angular structure of three elliptical galaxies from high-resolution ALMA observations of strong gravitational lenses
• Discovery of a lensed ultrabright submillimeter galaxy at z=2.0439
• The "Red Radio Ring": Ionised and Molecular Gas in a Starburst/Active Galactic Nucleus at $z\sim 2.55$
• Resolved CO(1-0) emission and gas properties in luminous dusty star forming galaxies at z=2-4
• JWST's PEARLS: resolved study of the stellar and dust components in starburst galaxies at cosmic noon
• The COSMOS-Web ring: in-depth characterization of an Einstein ring lensing system at z~2
• The Rest-Frame Submillimeter Spectrum of High Redshift, Dusty, Star-Forming Galaxies from the SPT-SZ Survey
• High resolution spectral imaging of CO(7-6), [CI](2-1) and continuum of three high-z lensed dusty star-forming galaxies using ALMA
• Colour matters: the effects of lensing on the positional offsets between optical and submillimetre galaxies in Herschel-ATLAS
• Extragalactic sources in Cosmic Microwave Background maps
• SUNRISE: The rich molecular inventory of high-redshift dusty galaxies revealed by broadband spectral line surveys
• Probing the inner kpc of massive galaxies with strong gravitational lensing
• A hyper luminous starburst at z=4.72 magnified by a lensing galaxy pair at z=1.48
• Cosmology with the submillimetre galaxies magnification bias: Proof of concept
• On the detectability of strong lensing in near-infrared surveys
• Euclid Preparation XXXIII. Characterization of convolutional neural networks for the identification of galaxy-galaxy strong lensing events
• Modelling high-resolution ALMA observations of strongly lensed dustystar forming galaxies detected by Herschel
• Super-resolving Herschel imaging: a proof of concept using Deep Neural Networks
• Finding bright $z\ge 6.6$ Lyman-$\alpha$ emitters with lensing: prospects for Euclid
• Herschel-ATLAS Data Release III: Near-infrared counterparts in the South Galactic Pole field -- Another 100,000 submillimetre galaxies
• The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. XVII. SPIRE point-source catalogs and number counts
• An International Survey of Front-End Receivers and Observing Performance of Telescopes for Radio Astronomy
• ALMA resolves the first strongly-lensed Optical/NIR-dark galaxy
• A large population of strongly lensed faint submillimetre galaxies in future dark energy surveys inferred from JWST imaging
• ALMA Observations of the Gravitational Lens SDP.9
• SHALOS: Statistical Herschel-ATLAS Lensed Objects Selection
• Source structure and molecular gas properties from high-resolution CO imaging of SPT-selected dusty star-forming galaxies
• The big sibling of AU Mic: a cold dust-rich debris disk around CP-72 2713 in the $\beta$ Pic moving group
• A strong-lensing elliptical galaxy in the MaNGA survey
• Extinction and nebular line properties of a Herschel-selected lensed dusty starburst AT z=1.027
• The SCUBA-2 Large eXtragalactic Survey: 850um map, catalogue and the bright-end number counts of the XMM-LSS field
• A search for candidate strongly-lensed dusty galaxies in the Planck satellite catalogues
• Over-density of SMGs in fields containing z~0.3 galaxies: magnification bias and the implications for studies of galaxy evolution
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): An X-ray bright, extremely luminous infrared galaxy at z = 1.87
• Candidate high-redshift protoclusters and lensed galaxies in the Planck list of high-z sources overlapping with Herschel-SPIRE imaging
• Early Science with the Large Millimeter Telescope: a 1.1 mm AzTEC Survey of Red-$Herschel$ dusty star-forming galaxies
• TEGLIE: Transformer encoders as strong gravitational lens finders in KiDS
• Lensed CMB power spectrum biases from masking extragalactic sources
• 3C 220.3: a radio galaxy lensing a submillimeter galaxy
• A new perspective on the submillimetre galaxy MM 18423+5938 at redshift 3.9296 from radio continuum imaging
• The far-infrared/radio correlation for a sample of strongly lensed dusty star-forming galaxies detected by Herschel
• The InfraRed Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) for TMT: latest science cases and simulations
• Exploring the relationship between black hole accretion and star formation with blind mid-/far-infrared spectroscopic surveys
• A Model of the Cosmic Infrared Background Produced by Distant Galaxies
• The Lockman-SpReSO project. Description, target selection, observations and preliminary results
• PRUSSIC II -- ALMA imaging of dense-gas tracers in SDP.81: Evidence for low mechanical heating and a sub-solar metallicity in a z=3.04 dusty galaxy
• Methodological refinement of the submillimeter galaxy magnification bias. II. Cosmological analysis with tomography
• Constraints on the galaxy "main sequence" at z>5: the stellar mass of HDF850.1
• Milky Way-Like Gas Excitation in an Ultrabright Submillimeter Galaxy at $z=1.6$
• DESHIMA 2.0: Rapid redshift surveys and multi-line spectroscopy of dusty galaxies
• A Distant Origin For Magnified LIGO/Virgo Black Holes Implied By Binary Component Masses
• Massive molecular gas reservoir in a luminous sub-millimeter galaxy during cosmic noon
• Prospects of observation of gravitationally lensed sources by space submillimeter telescopes
• Probing General Relativity in galactic scales at z $\sim 0.3$
• Interpreting the statistical properties of high-z extragalactic sources detected by the South Pole Telescope survey
• PRUSSIC III -- ALMA and NOEMA survey of dense gas in high-redshift star-forming galaxies
• Deep Submillimetre and Radio Observations in the SSA22 Field. II. Sub-millimetre source catalogue and number counts
• Predictions for surveys with the SPICA Mid-infrared Instrument
• The Einstein ring GAL-CLUS-022058s: a Lensed Ultrabright Submillimeter Galaxy at z=1.4796
• Vz-GAL: Probing Cold Molecular Gas in Dusty Star-forming Galaxies at z=1-6
• Multifrequency filter search for high redshift sources and lensing systems in Herschel-ATLAS
• Characterizing elusive, faint dusty star-forming galaxies: a lensed, optically undetected ALMA galaxy at z~3.3
• Euclid view of dusty star forming galaxies at z>~1.5 detected in wide area submillimetre surveys
• Cosmic Insights from Galaxy Clusters: Exploring Magnification Bias on Sub-millimeter Galaxies
• A High-resolution Far-infrared Survey to Probe Black Hole-Galaxy Co-evolution
• An upper limit to differential magnification effects in strongly gravitationally lensed galaxies
• The molecular-gas properties in the gravitationally lensed merger HATLAS J142935.3-002836
• A mock redshift catalogue of the dusty star-forming galaxy population with intrinsic clustering and lensing for deep millimetre surveys
• HerS-3: An Exceptional Einstein Cross Reveals a Massive Dark Matter Halo
• Resolved Neutral Outflow from a Lensed Dusty Star Forming Galaxy at z=2.09
• The Nature of Hyperluminous Infrared Galaxies
• Detecting low-mass haloes with strong gravitational lensing I: the effect of data quality and lensing configuration
• The ViSta method for stacking in the Fourier domain and its application to the dusty star-forming galaxies in the ALMA Science Archive
• The Photometric Analysis of the Environment Around Two Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies at $z\sim 2$
• Understanding galaxy formation and evolution through an all-sky submillimetre spectroscopic survey