Improved Cosmological Constraints from Gravitational Lens Statistics

Abstract

We combine the Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey (CLASS) with new Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data on the local velocity dispersion distribution function of E/S0 galaxies, $\varphi (\sigma )$, to derive lens statistics constraints on ${\Omega }_{\Lambda }$ and ${\Omega }_m$. Previous studies of this kind relied on a combination of the E/S0 galaxy luminosity function and the Faber-Jackson relation to characterize the lens galaxy population. However, ignoring dispersion in the Faber-Jackson relation leads to a biased estimate of $\varphi (\sigma )$ and therefore biased and overconfident constraints on the cosmological parameters. The measured velocity dispersion function from a large sample of E/S0 galaxies provides a more reliable method for probing cosmology with strong lens statistics. Our new constraints are in good agreement with recent results from the redshift-magnitude relation of Type Ia supernovae. Adopting the traditional assumption that the E/S0 velocity function is constant in comoving units, we find a maximum likelihood estimate of ${\Omega }_{\Lambda }=0.74$--0.78 for a spatially flat unvierse (where the range reflects uncertainty in the number of E/S0 lenses in the CLASS sample), and a 95% confidence upper bound of ${\Omega }_{\Lambda }<0.86$. If $\varphi (\sigma )$ instead evolves in accord with extended Press-Schechter theory, then the maximum likelihood estimate for ${\Omega }_{\Lambda }$ becomes 0.72--0.78, with the 95% confidence upper bound ${\Omega }_{\Lambda }<0.89$. Even without assuming flatness, lensing provides independent confirmation of the evidence from Type Ia supernovae for a nonzero dark energy component in the universe.

35 pages, 15 figures, to be published in ApJ

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