The Host Galaxy and Redshift of the Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 121102

Abstract

The precise localization of the repeating fast radio burst (FRB 121102) has provided the first unambiguous association (chance coincidence probability $p\lesssim 3\times 10^{-4}$) of an FRB with an optical and persistent radio counterpart. We report on optical imaging and spectroscopy of the counterpart and find that it is an extended ($0.6^{\prime \prime }-0.8^{\prime \prime }$) object displaying prominent Balmer and [OIII] emission lines. Based on the spectrum and emission line ratios, we classify the counterpart as a low-metallicity, star-forming, $m_{r^{\prime }}=25.1$ AB mag dwarf galaxy at a redshift of $z=0.19273(8)$, corresponding to a luminosity distance of 972 Mpc. From the angular size, the redshift, and luminosity, we estimate the host galaxy to have a diameter $\lesssim 4$ kpc and a stellar mass of $M_{\ast }\sim 4-7\times 10^7{M}_{\odot }$, assuming a mass-to-light ratio between 2 to 3$M_{\odot }{L}_{\odot }^{-1}$. Based on the H$\alpha$ flux, we estimate the star formation rate of the host to be $0.4M_{\odot }\mathrm{y}{\mathrm{r}}^{-1}$ and a substantial host dispersion measure depth $\lesssim 324\mathrm{pc}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{-3}$. The net dispersion measure contribution of the host galaxy to FRB 121102 is likely to be lower than this value depending on geometrical factors. We show that the persistent radio source at FRB 121102's location reported by Marcote et al (2017) is offset from the galaxy's center of light by $\sim$200 mas and the host galaxy does not show optical signatures for AGN activity. If FRB 121102 is typical of the wider FRB population and if future interferometric localizations preferentially find them in dwarf galaxies with low metallicities and prominent emission lines, they would share such a preference with long gamma ray bursts and superluminous supernovae.

12 pages, 3 figures, Published in ApJ Letters. V2: Corrected mistake in author list

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• Localizations of Fast Radio Bursts on milliarcsecond scales
• A Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray View of the Transient Sky
• TRAPUM pulsar and transient search in the Sextans A and B galaxies and discovery of background FRB 20210924D
• Estimating the contribution of foreground halos to the FRB 180924 dispersion measure
• Multi-wavelength follow-up of FRB 180309
• Plasma lens with frequency-dependent dispersion measure effects on fast radio bursts
• Spectro-temporal analysis of ultra-fast radio bursts using per-channel arrival times
• The BINGO/ABDUS Project: Forecast for cosmological parameters from a mock Fast Radio Bursts survey
• Periodic Activities of Fast Radio Burst Repeaters from Precessing Magnetars with Evolving Obliquity
• A Comprehensive Study of the Energy and Redshift Distributions of the Fast Radio Burst Population Based on the First CHIME/FRB Catalog
• Gamma-ray and Optical Observations of Repeating Fast Radio Bursts with VERITAS
• Simultaneous view of the FRB~180301 with FAST and NICER during a bursting phase
• Milliarcsecond-scale spectrum of the persistent radio source associated with FRB 20190417A and constraints for FRB 20181030A
• Free-free absorption in hot relativistic flows: application to fast radio bursts
• A search for hard X-ray bursts occurring simultaneously to fast radio bursts in the repeating FRB 121102
• Bounding the photon mass with cosmological propagation of fast radio bursts
• SKA-VLBI Key Science Programmes
• Eighteen new fast radio bursts in the High Time Resolution Universe survey
• Cosmic backgrounds from the radio to the far-infrared: recent results and perspectives from cosmological and astrophysical surveys
• A Practical Framework for Estimating the Repetition Likelihood of Fast Radio Bursts from Spectral Morphology
• Unveiling the distribution and redshift dependence of host galaxy dispersion measures using localized fast radio bursts
• Detection of Partial Coherence due to Multipath Propagation for FRB 20220413B with CHIME/FRB
• Upper limits on Einstein's weak equivalence principle placed by uncertainties of dispersion measures of fast radio bursts
• Is GRB 110715A the progenitor of FRB 171209?
• A Generic Model for Persistent Radio Source around Fast Radio Bursts
• FRB 121102: a star quake-induced repeater?
• Exploring the Link between Fast Radio Burst and Binary Neutron Star Origins with Spaceborne Gravitational Wave Observations
• The EMPI Code for Plasma-Induced Effects on Radio Waves I: Non-Magnetized Media and Applications to Fast Radio Bursts
• Energy and waiting time distributions of FRB 121102 observed by FAST
• On the possibility of registering X-ray flares related to fast radio bursts with the SRG/eROSITA telescope
• Circular polarization of fast radio bursts by asymmetric erosion in longitudinally magnetized plasma
• Unveiling the spectral morphological division of fast radio bursts with CHIME/FRB Catalog 2
• Forecasting the FRB Population Observed Through Galaxy Cluster Lenses
• Low-frequency-selected Fast Radio Burst Host Galaxy Candidates
• AT2020hur: A Possible Optical Counterpart of FRB 180916B
• Limits on the hard X-ray emission from the periodic fast radio burst FRB 180916.J0158+65