Cosmic Dispersion Measure from Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows: Probing the Reionization History and the Burst Environment

Abstract

We show a possible way to measure the column density of free electrons along the light path, the so-called Dispersion Measure (DM), from the early $[\sim 415(\nu /1\mathrm{GHz}{)}^{-2}(\mathrm{DM}/10^5\mathrm{pc}{\mathrm{cm}}^{-3})\mathrm{s}]$ radio afterglows of the gamma-ray bursts. We find that the proposed Square Kilometer Array can detect bright radio afterglows around the time $\sim 10^3(\nu /160\mathrm{MHz}{)}^{-2}$ s to measure the intergalactic DM ($\simg 6000$ pc cm${}^{-3}$ at redshift $z>6$) up to $z\sim 30$, from which we can determine the reionization history of the universe and identify the missing warm-hot baryons. At low $z$, DM in the host galaxy may reach $\sim 10^5$ pc cm${}^{-3}$ depending on the burst environment, which may be probed by the current detectors. Free-free absorption and diffractive scattering may also affect the radio emission in a high density.

4 pages, 3 figures, emulateapj.cls used, accepted for publication in ApJL

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