The Large Dispersion and Scattering of FRB 20190520B are Dominated by the Host Galaxy

Abstract

The repeating FRB 20190520B is localized to a galaxy at $z=0.241$, much closer than expected given its dispersion measure $\mathrm{DM}=1205\pm 4\mathrm{pc}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{-3}$. Here we assess implications of the large DM and scattering observed from FRB 20190520B for the host galaxy's plasma properties. A sample of 75 bursts detected with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope shows scattering on two scales: a mean temporal delay $\tau (1.41\mathrm{GHz})=10.9\pm 1.5$ ms, which is attributed to the host galaxy, and a mean scintillation bandwidth ${\nu }_{\mathrm{d}}(1.41\mathrm{GHz})=0.21\pm 0.01$ MHz, which is attributed to the Milky Way. Balmer line measurements for the host imply an H$\alpha$ emission measure (galaxy frame) $\mathrm{E}{\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{s}}=620$ pc cm${}^{-6}\times (T/10^4\mathrm{K}{)}^{0.9}$, implying $\mathrm{D}{\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{H}\alpha }$ of order the value inferred from the FRB DM budget, $\mathrm{D}{\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{h}}=1121_{-138}^{+89}$ pc cm${}^{-3}$ for plasma temperatures greater than the typical value $10^4$ K. Combining $\tau$ and $\mathrm{D}{\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{h}}$ yields a nominal constraint on the scattering amplification from the host galaxy $\tilde{F}G=1.5_{-0.3}^{+0.8}$ (pc${}^2$ km)${}^{-1/3}$, where $\tilde{F}$ describes turbulent density fluctuations and $G$ represents the geometric leverage to scattering that depends on the location of the scattering material. For a two-screen scattering geometry where $\tau$ arises from the host galaxy and $\Delta {\nu }_{\mathrm{d}}$ from the Milky Way, the implied distance between the FRB source and dominant scattering material is $\lesssim 100$ pc. The host galaxy scattering and DM contributions support a novel technique for estimating FRB redshifts using the $\tau -\mathrm{DM}$ relation, and are consistent with previous findings that scattering of localized FRBs is largely dominated by plasma within host galaxies and the Milky Way.

14 pages, 9 figures, accepted to ApJ

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