What does FRB light-curve variability tell us about the emission mechanism?

Abstract

A few fast radio bursts' (FRBs) light-curves have exhibited large intrinsic modulations of their flux on extremely short ($t_{\mathrm{r}}\sim 10\mu$s) time scales, compared to pulse durations ($t_{\mathrm{FRB}}\sim 1$ms). Light-curve variability timescales, the small ratio of rise time of the flux to pulse duration, and the spectro-temporal correlations in the data constrain the compactness of the source and the mechanism responsible for the powerful radio emission. The constraints are strongest when radiation is produced far ($\gtrsim 10^{10}$cm) from the compact object. We describe different physical set-ups that can account for the observed $t_{\mathrm{r}}/t_{\mathrm{FRB}}\ll 1$ despite having large emission radii. The result is either a significant reduction in the radio production efficiency or distinct light-curves features that could be searched for in observed data. For the same class of models, we also show that due to high-latitude emission, if a flux $f_1({\nu }_1)$ is observed at $t_1$ then at a lower frequency ${\nu }_2<{\nu }_1$ the flux should be at least $({\nu }_2/{\nu }_1{)}^2{f}_1$ at a slightly later time ($t_2=t_1{\nu }_1/{\nu }_2$) independent of the duration and spectrum of the emission in the comoving frame. These features can be tested, once light-curve modulations due to scintillation are accounted for. We provide the timescales and coherence bandwidths of the latter for a range of possibilities regarding the physical screens and the scintillation regime. Finally, if future highly resolved FRB light-curves are shown to have intrinsic variability extending down to $\sim \mu$s timescales, this will provide strong evidence in favor of magnetospheric models.

14 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

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