Consistency relations of amplitude and phase fluctuations of gravitational waves magnified by strong gravitational lensing

Abstract

We discuss the amplitude and phase fluctuations of gravitational waves due to wave optics lensing in the presence of both a strong lens and cosmological weak lenses. By applying the geometric optics approximation to the strong lens and treating the weak lensing potential perturbatively, we obtain the amplification factor up to the second order in the weak lensing potential. Additionally, we establish a methodology to systematically evaluate the weak lensing effects based on diagrammatic rules. Based on the derived amplification factor, we evaluate the statistics of the fluctuations and demonstrate that the consistency relations originally established in the absence of a strong lens still hold in exactly the same form when a strong lens is present. The physical origin of these relations is also discussed. Furthermore, we demonstrate that for the mean of the weak lensing signal, both the magnification of the signal and the shift of the Fresnel scale to larger scales occur, consistent with the behavior observed in the variance.

25 pages, 5 figures, Accepted in PRD

References in corpus (5)

• Probing Dark Low-mass Halos and Primordial Black Holes with Frequency-dependent Gravitational Lensing Dispersions of Gravitational Waves
• Amplitude and phase fluctuations of gravitational waves magnified by strong gravitational lensing
• Weak lensing of gravitational waves in wave optics: Beyond the Born approximation
• Universal relation between the variances of distortions of gravitational waves owing to gravitational lensing
• New Consistency Relations between Averages and Variances of Weakly Lensed Signals of Gravitational Waves