RELICS: Strong Lensing analysis of the galaxy clusters Abell S295, Abell 697, MACS J0025.4-1222, and MACS J0159.8-0849

Abstract

We present a strong-lensing analysis of four massive galaxy clusters imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope in the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey. We use a Light-Traces-Mass technique to uncover sets of multiply images and constrain the mass distribution of the clusters. These mass models are the first published for Abell S295 and MACS J0159.8-0849, and are improvements over previous models for Abell 697 and MACS J0025.4-1222. Our analysis for MACS J0025.4-1222 and Abell S295 shows a bimodal mass distribution supporting the merger scenarios proposed for these clusters. The updated model for MACS J0025.4-1222 suggests a substantially smaller critical area than previously estimated. For MACS J0159.8-0849 and Abell 697 we find a single peak and relatively regular morphology, revealing fairly relaxed clusters. Despite being less prominent lenses, three of these clusters seem to have lensing strengths, i.e. cumulative area above certain magnification, similar to the Hubble Frontier Fields clusters (e.g., A($\mu >5$) $\sim 1-3$ arcmin${}^2$, A($\mu >10$) $\sim 0.5-1.5$ arcmin${}^2$), which in part can be attributed to their merging configurations. We make our lens models publicly available through the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes. Finally, using Gemini-N/GMOS spectroscopic observations we detect a single emission line from a high-redshift $J_{125}\simeq 25.7$ galaxy candidate lensed by Abell 697. While we cannot rule out a lower-redshift solution, we interpret the line as Ly$\alpha$ at $z=5.800\pm 0.001$, in agreement with its photometric redshift and dropout nature. Within this scenario we measure a Ly$\alpha$ rest-frame equivalent width of $52\pm 22$ Å, and an observed Gaussian width of $117\pm 15$ km/s.

arXiv comment23 pages, 16 figures; V2, accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (119)

• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation
• The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance
• A direct empirical proof of the existence of dark matter
• CANDELS: The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey
• The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) -- Overview
• Evolutionary population synthesis: models, analysis of the ingredients and application to high-z galaxies
• EAZY: A Fast, Public Photometric Redshift Code
• In the Beginning: The First Sources of Light and the Reionization of the Universe
• UV Luminosity Functions at redshifts z~4 to z~10: 10000 Galaxies from HST Legacy Fields
• Bayesian photometric redshift estimation
• Dust Absorption And The Ultraviolet Luminosity Density At z \approx 3 As Calibrated By Local Starburst Galaxies
• Cosmic Reionization and Early Star-Forming Galaxies: A Joint Analysis of New Constraints from Planck and Hubble Space Telescope
• The Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH): An Overview
• Observational constraints on Cosmic Reionization
• The Evolution of the Galaxy Rest-Frame Ultraviolet Luminosity Function Over the First Two Billion Years
• Galaxy Clusters Discovered via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in the 2500-square-degree SPT-SZ survey
• The ROSAT Brightest Cluster Sample (BCS) - I. The compilation of the sample and the cluster log N-log S distribution
• Weak lensing mass reconstruction of the interacting cluster 1E0657-558: Direct evidence for the existence of dark matter
• A New Method For Galaxy Cluster Detection I: The Algorithm
• The Frontier Fields: Survey Design
• The Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS). IV. Evolution of Lya Emitters from z=3.1 to 5.7 in the 1 deg^2 Field: Luminosity Functions and AGN
• The MCXC: a Meta-Catalogue of X-ray detected Clusters of galaxies
• The Abundance of Star-Forming Galaxies in the Redshift Range 8.5 to 12: New Results from the 2012 Hubble Ultra Deep Field Campaign
• The First Galaxies
• MACS: A quest for the most massive galaxy clusters in the universe
• Reionization and Cosmology with 21 cm Fluctuations
• Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: I. Detection, Multiband Photometry, Photometric Redshifts, and Morphology
• Keck Spectroscopy of Faint 3<z<7 Lyman Break Galaxies: - I. New constraints on cosmic reionisation from the luminosity and redshift-dependent fraction of Lyman-alpha emission
• Gravitational Lensing
• The Canadian Cluster Comparison Project: detailed study of systematics and updated weak lensing masses
• A new multi-field determination of the galaxy luminosity function at z=7-9 incorporating the 2012 Hubble Ultra Deep Field imaging
• A catalog of 132,684 clusters of galaxies identified from Sloan Digital Sky Survey III
• Directly Observing the Galaxies Likely Responsible for Reionization
• CLASH: Three Strongly Lensed Images of a Candidate z ~ 11 Galaxy
• The Universe is Reionizing at z~7: Bayesian Inference of the IGM Neutral Fraction Using Ly$\alpha$ Emission from Galaxies
• The Most Luminous z~9-10 Galaxy Candidates yet Found: The Luminosity Function, Cosmic Star-Formation Rate, and the First Mass Density Estimate at 500 Myr
• A highly magnified candidate for a young galaxy seen when the Universe was 500 Myrs old
• Revealing the properties of dark matter in the merging cluster MACSJ0025.4-1222
• Galaxy Masses
• Spectroscopic confirmation of z~7 LBGs: probing the earliest galaxies and the epoch of reionization
• A complete sample of twelve very X-ray luminous galaxy clusters at z>0.5
• Lyman Alpha Emitting Galaxies as a Probe of Reionization
• Full-Data Results of Hubble Frontier Fields: UV Luminosity Functions at $z\sim 6-10$ and a Consistent Picture of Cosmic Reionization
• Images, structural properties and metal abundances of galaxy clusters observed with Chandra ACIS-I at 0.1<z<1.3
• Hubble Space Telescope Combined Strong and Weak Lensing Analysis of the CLASH Sample: Mass and Magnification Models and Systematic Uncertainties
• CLASH: Weak-Lensing Shear-and-Magnification Analysis of 20 Galaxy Clusters
• The Density Profiles of Massive, Relaxed Galaxy Clusters. I. The Total Density Over Three Decades in Radius
• Line Emitting Galaxies Beyond a Redshift of 7: An Improved Method for Estimating the Evolving Neutrality of the Intergalactic Medium
• Cluster Lenses
• Weighing the Giants - I. Weak-lensing masses for 51 massive galaxy clusters: project overview, data analysis methods and cluster images
• The Observed Growth of Massive Galaxy Clusters II: X-ray Scaling Relations
• Weighing the Giants - III. Methods and Measurements of Accurate Galaxy Cluster Weak-Lensing Masses
• An SZ-selected sample of the most massive galaxy clusters in the 2500-square-degree South Pole Telescope survey
• The Surprisingly Steep Mass Profile of Abell 1689, from a Lensing Analysis of Subaru Images
• The z~6 Luminosity Function Fainter than -15 mag from the Hubble Frontier Fields: The Impact of Magnification Uncertainties
• Completing the Census of Ly-alpha Emitters at the Reionization Epoch
• The z = 9-10 galaxy population in the Hubble Frontier Fields and CLASH surveys: The z=9 LF and further evidence for a smooth decline in UV luminosity at z >= 8
• The Frontier Fields Lens Modeling Comparison Project
• Z > 7 galaxies with red Spitzer/IRAC [3.6]-[4.5] colors in the full CANDELS data set: the brightest-known galaxies at Z ~ 7-9 and a probable spectroscopic confirmation at Z=7.48
• The X-ray brightest clusters of galaxies from the Massive Cluster Survey
• Faint Galaxies in deep ACS observations
• Lens models and magnification maps of the six Hubble Frontier Fields clusters
• GMRT Radio Halo Survey in galaxy clusters at z = 0.2 -- 0.4. II.The eBCS clusters and analysis of the complete sample
• CLASH: The enhanced lensing efficiency of the highly elongated merging cluster MACS J0416.1-2403
• Precise Strong Lensing Mass Modeling of Four Hubble Frontier Fields Clusters and a Sample of Magnified High-Redshift Galaxies
• New Multiply-Lensed Galaxies Identified in ACS/NIC3 Observations of Cl0024+1654 Using an Improved Mass Model
• Radio Halo and Relic Candidates from the Westerbork Northern Sky Survey
• UVUDF: Ultraviolet Through Near-infrared Catalog and Photometric Redshifts of Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• The oxygen-II luminosity density of the Universe
• Size--luminosity relations and UV luminosity functions at $z=6-9$ simultaneously derived from the complete Hubble Frontier Fields data
• New Constraints on the Faint-end of the UV Luminosity Function at z~7-8 using the Gravitational Lensing of the Hubble Frontier Fields Cluster A2744
• The Brightest of Reionizing Galaxies Survey: Constraints on the Bright End of the z~8 Luminosity Function
• Hubble Frontier Fields : A High-Precision Strong-Lensing Mass Model of the Massive Galaxy Cluster Abell 2744 using 180 Multiple Images
• A Geometrically Supported $z\sim 10$ Candidate Multiply-Imaged by the Hubble Frontier Fields Cluster Abell 2744
• Observational Searches for Galaxies at z > 6
• First Frontier Field Constraints on the Cosmic Star-Formation Rate Density at z~10 - The Impact of Lensing Shear on Completeness of High-Redshift Galaxy Samples
• Optical Spectroscopy and Velocity Dispersions of Galaxy Clusters from the SPT-SZ Survey
• Frontier Fields: High-Redshift Predictions and Early Results
• A spectroscopic search for AGN activity in the reionization era
• Strong-Lensing Analysis of a Complete Sample of 12 MACS Clusters at z>0.5: Mass Models and Einstein Radii
• The Epoch of Reionization
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Physical Properties and Purity of a Galaxy Cluster Sample Selected via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect
• CLASH: A Census of Magnified Star-Forming Galaxies at z ~ 6-8
• Hubble Space Telescope Observations of a Spectacular New Strong-lensing Galaxy Cluster - MACSJ1149.5+2223 at z=0.544
• The impact of cluster mergers on arc statistics
• New detections of radio minihalos in cool cores of galaxy clusters
• The systematics of strong lens modeling quantified: the effects of constraint selection and redshift information on magnification, mass, and multiple image predictability
• Arc sensitivity to cluster ellipticity, asymmetries and substructures
• One-Line Redshifts and Searches for High-Redshift Lyman-Alpha Emission
• Extremely Small Sizes for Faint z~2-8 Galaxies in the Hubble Frontier Fields: A Key Input For Establishing their Volume Density and UV Emissivity
• RELICS: Strong Lens Models for Five Galaxy Clusters From the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey
• The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). III. A census of Lyα Emission at $z\gtrsim$7 from HST Spectroscopy
• The Core Structure of Galaxy Clusters from Gravitational Lensing
• The Nature of H$\beta +$[O{\sc iii}] and [O{\sc ii}] emitters to $z\sim 5$ with HiZELS: stellar mass functions and the evolution of EWs
• CLASH: z ~ 6 young galaxy candidate quintuply lensed by the frontier field cluster RXC J2248.7-4431
• Tracing mass and light in the Universe: where is the dark matter?
• Mass-sheet degeneracy: Fundamental limit on the cluster mass reconstruction from statistical (weak) lensing
• The very steep spectrum radio halo in Abell 697
• Emission-Line Galaxies from the Hubble Space Telescope Probing Evolution and Reionization Spectroscopically (PEARS) Grism Survey. II: The Complete Sample
• Lensing degeneracies and mass substructure
• Large Scale Structure Effects on the Gravitational Lens Image Positions and Time Delay
• SPT-GMOS: A Gemini/GMOS-South Spectroscopic Survey of Galaxy Clusters in the SPT-SZ Survey
• Cluster strong lensing in the Millennium Simulation: The effect of galaxies and structures along the line-of-sight
• Hubble constant and dark energy inferred from free-form determined time delay distances
• The strongest gravitational lenses: I. The statistical impact of cluster mergers
• Internal dynamics of the massive cluster Abell 697: a multiwavelength analysis
• Line-of-Sight Structure Toward Strong Lensing Galaxy Clusters
• The impact of a major cluster merger on galaxy evolution in MACS\,J0025.4-1225
• Detection of Lyman-Alpha Emission From a Triple Imaged z=6.85 Galaxy Behind MACS J2129.4-0741
• Spectroscopic confirmation of an ultra-faint galaxy at the epoch of reionization
• RELICS: Strong-lensing analysis of the massive clusters MACS J0308.9+2645 and PLCK G171.9-40.7
• Chandra Sample of Galaxy Clusters at z=0.4-0.55: Evolution in the Mass-Temperature Relation
• The Effect of Large-Scale Structure on the Magnification of High-Redshift Sources by Cluster-Lenses
• A Very Large (${\theta }_E\gtrsim 40$") Strong Gravitational Lens Selected with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect: PLCK G287.0+32.9 ($z$ = 0.38)
• A New Approach to Identifying the Most Powerful Gravitational Lensing Telescopes
• The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: Redshift Identification of Single-Line Emission Galaxies
• Lensed Arcs and Inner Structure of Abell 697
• Quantifying the Impact of Cosmological Parameter Uncertainties on Strong Lensing Models With an Eye Toward the Frontier Fields

Cited by in corpus (23)

• RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey
• The Mismeasure of Mergers: Revised Limits on Self-interacting Dark Matter in Merging Galaxy Clusters
• Imaging the Thermal and Kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Signals in a Sample of Ten Massive Galaxy Clusters: Constraints on Internal Velocity Structures and Bulk Velocities
• Shapes and alignments of dark matter haloes and their brightest cluster galaxies in 39 strong lensing clusters
• Stellar Properties of z ~ 8 Galaxies in the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey
• RELICS: Strong Lensing Analysis of MACS J0417.5-1154 and Predictions for Observing the Magnified High-Redshift Universe with JWST
• PLCK G165.7+67.0: Analysis of a Massive Lensing Cluster in a Hubble Space Telescope Census of Submillimeter Giant Arcs Selected Using Planck/Herschel
• RELICS: Spectroscopy of gravitationally-lensed $z\simeq 2$ reionization-era analogs and implications for CIII] detections at $z>6$
• The Strongest Cluster Lenses: An Analysis of the Relation Between Strong Gravitational Lensing Strength and the Physical Properties of Galaxy Clusters
• Dark Matter in Galaxy Clusters: a Parametric Strong Lensing Approach
• RELICS: Properties of z>5.5 Galaxies Inferred from Spitzer and Hubble Imaging Including A Candidate z~6.8 Strong [OIII] Emitter
• Systematic vs. Statistical Uncertainties in Masses and Magnifications of the Hubble Frontier Fields
• RELICS: High-Resolution Constraints on the Inner Mass Distribution of the z=0.83 Merging Cluster RXJ0152.7-1357 from strong lensing
• RELICS: A Very Large (${\theta }_E\sim 40"$) Cluster Lens -- RXC J0032.1+1808
• Finding Singularities in Gravitational Lensing
• The velocity structure of the intracluster medium during a major merger: simulated microcalorimeter observations
• AStroLens: Automatic Strong-Lens Modeling of X-ray Selected Galaxy Clusters
• RELICS: Small Lensed $z\ge 5.5$ Galaxies Selected as Potential Lyman Continuum Leakers
• Exotic Image Formation in Strong Gravitational Lensing by Clusters of Galaxies. I: Cross-Section
• Chandra observations of the Abell S0295 cluster
• Resolving star-forming clumps in a z $\sim$ 2 lensed galaxy: a pixelated Bayesian approach
• Improved Constraints on Mergers with SZ, Hydrodynamical simulations, Optical, and X-ray (ICM-SHOX). Paper II: Galaxy cluster sample overview
• Core Mass Estimates in Strong Lensing Galaxy Clusters: a Comparison Between Masses Obtained from Detailed Lens Models, Single-Halo Lens Models, and Einstein Radii