The infrared-radio correlation of spheroid- and disc-dominated star-forming galaxies to z $\sim$ 1.5 in the COSMOS field

Abstract

Using infrared data from the Herschel Space Observatory and Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) 3 GHz observations in the COSMOS field, we investigate the redshift evolution of the infrared-radio correlation (IRRC) for star-forming galaxies (SFGs) we classify as either spheroid- or disc-dominated based on their morphology. The sample predominantly consists of disc galaxies with stellar mass $\gtrsim 10^{10}{M}_{\odot }$, and residing on the star-forming main sequence (MS). After the removal of AGN using standard approaches, we observe a significant difference between the redshift-evolution of the median IR/radio ratio ${\overline{q}}_{\mathrm{TIR}}$ of (i) a sample of ellipticals, plus discs with a substantial bulge component (`spheroid-dominated' SFGs) and, (ii) virtually pure discs and irregular systems (`disc-dominated' SFGs). The spheroid-dominated population follows a declining ${\overline{q}}_{\mathrm{TIR}}$ vs. $z$ trend similar to that measured in recent evolutionary studies of the IRRC. However, for disc-dominated galaxies, where radio and IR emission should be linked to star formation in the most straightforward way, we measure very little change in ${\overline{q}}_{\mathrm{TIR}}$. This suggests that low-redshift calibrations of radio emission as an SFR-tracer may remain valid out to at least $z\simeq 1-1.5$ for pure star-forming systems. We find that the different redshift-evolution of $q_{\mathrm{TIR}}$ for the spheroid- and disc-dominated sample is mainly due to an increasing radio excess for spheroid-dominated galaxies at $z\gtrsim$0.8, hinting at some residual AGN activity in these systems. This finding demonstrates that in the absence of AGN the IRRC is independent of redshift, and that radio observations can therefore be used to estimate SFRs at all redshifts for genuinely star-forming galaxies.

Resubmitted to MNRAS after addressing reviewer feedback

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• The VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project: Evolution of specific star formation rates out to $z\sim 5$
• The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey Deep fields: The star formation rate - radio luminosity relation at low frequencies
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• Cosmic evolution of star-forming galaxies to $z\simeq 1.8$ in the faint low-frequency radio source population
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• An ultra-deep multi-band VLA survey of the faint radio sky (COSMOS-XS): New constraints on the cosmic star formation history
• Morphology & Environment's Role on the Star Formation Rate -- Stellar Mass Relation in COSMOS from 0 < z < 3.5
• COLDz: Probing Cosmic Star Formation With Radio Free-free Emission
• The MOSDEF Survey: Calibrating the relationship between H$\alpha$ star-formation rate and radio continuum luminosity at $1.4<z<2.6$
• The far-infrared/radio correlation for a sample of strongly lensed dusty star-forming galaxies detected by Herschel
• Influence of star-forming galaxy selection on the galaxy main sequence
• Radio-Infrared Correlation for Local Dusty Galaxies and Dusty AGNs from the AKARI All Sky Survey
• The Radio Spectral Energy Distribution and Star Formation Calibration in MIGHTEE-COSMOS Highly Star-Forming Galaxies at 1.5 < z < 3.5
• pop-cosmos: Star formation over 12 Gyr from generative modelling of a deep infrared-selected galaxy catalogue
• Far-infrared observations of dust in Ly$\alpha$ emitters at z=2-6