The VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project: Star formation properties and radio luminosity functions of AGN with moderate-to-high radiative luminosities out to $z\sim 6$

Abstract

We study a sample of 1,604 moderate-to-high radiative luminosity active galactic nuclei (HLAGN) selected at 3 GHz within the VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project. These were classified by combining multiple AGN diagnostics: X-ray data, mid-infrared data and broad-band spectral energy distribution fitting. We decompose the total radio 1.4 GHz luminosity (${\mathrm{L}}_{1.4\mathrm{GHz},\mathrm{TOT}}$) into the emission originating from star formation and AGN activity by measuring the excess in ${\mathrm{L}}_{1.4\mathrm{GHz},\mathrm{TOT}}$ relative to the infrared-radio correlation of star-forming galaxies. To quantify the excess, for each source we calculate the AGN fraction (${\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{AGN}}$), the fractional contribution of AGN activity to ${\mathrm{L}}_{1.4\mathrm{GHz},\mathrm{TOT}}$. The majority of the HLAGN, $(68.0\pm 1.5)\%$, are dominated by star-forming processes ($f_{AGN}\le 0.5$), while $(32.0\pm 1.5)\%$ are dominated by AGN-related radio emission ($0.5<f_{AGN}\le 1$). We use the AGN-related 1.4 GHz emission to derive the 1.4 GHz AGN luminosity functions of HLAGN. By assuming pure density and pure luminosity evolution models we constrain their cosmic evolution out to $z\sim 6$, finding ${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{\ast }(\mathrm{z})\propto (1+\mathrm{z}{)}^{(2.64\pm 0.10)+(-0.61\pm 0.04)\mathrm{z}}$ and ${\mathrm{L}}^{\ast }(\mathrm{z})\propto (1+\mathrm{z}{)}^{(3.97\pm 0.15)+(-0.92\pm 0.06)\mathrm{z}}$. These evolutionary laws show that the number and luminosity density of HLAGN increased from higher redshifts ($z\sim 6$) up to a maximum in the redshift range $1<z<2.5$, followed by a decline towards local values. By scaling the 1.4 GHz AGN luminosity to kinetic luminosity using the standard conversion, we estimate the kinetic luminosity density as a function of redshift. We compare our result to the semi-analytic models of radio mode feedback finding that this feedback could have played an important role in the context of AGN-host coevolution in HLAGN which show evidence of AGN-related radio emission ($f_{AGN}>0$).

arXiv comment20 pages, 14 figures

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