The NuSTAR Extragalactic Survey of the James Webb Space Telescope North Ecliptic Pole Time-Domain Field

Abstract

We present the $NuSTAR$ extragalactic survey of the $James$ $Webb$ $Space$ $Telescope$ ($JWST$) North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) Time-Domain Field. The survey covers a $\sim$0.16 deg${}^2$ area with a total exposure of 681 ks acquired in a total of nine observations from three epochs. The survey sensitivities at 20% of the area are 2.39, 1.14, 2.76, 1.52, and 5.20 $\times$ 10${}^{-14}$ erg cm${}^{-2}$ s${}^{-1}$ in the 3-24, 3-8, 8-24, 8-16, and 16-24 keV bands, respectively. The NEP survey is one of the most sensitive extragalactic surveys with $NuSTAR$ so far. A total of 33 sources were detected above 95% reliability in at least one of the five bands. We present the number counts, log$N$-log$S$, measured in the hard X-ray 8-24 and 8-16 keV bands, uniquely accessible by $NuSTAR$ down to such faint fluxes. We performed source detection on the XMM-$Newton$ and $Chandra$ observations of the same field to search for soft X-ray counterparts of each $NuSTAR$ detection. The soft band positions were used to identify optical and infrared associations. We present the X-ray properties (hardness ratio and luminosity) and optical-to-X-ray properties of the detected sources. The measured fraction of candidate Compton-thick (N${}_{\mathrm{H}}\ge 10^{24}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{-2}$) active galactic nuclei, derived from the hardness ratio, is between 3% to 27%. As this survey was designed to have variability as its primary focus, we present preliminary results on multi-epoch flux variability in the 3-24 keV band.

22 pages, 17 figures

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Cited by in corpus (7)

• JWST's PEARLS: Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science: Project Overview and First Results
• PEARLS: NuSTAR and XMM-Newton Extragalactic Survey of the JWST North Ecliptic Pole Time-Domain Field II
• J-NEP: 60-band photometry and photometric redshifts for the James Webb Space Telescope North Ecliptic Pole Time-Domain Field
• A new look at the extragalactic Very High Energy sky: searching for TeV-emitting candidates among the X-ray bright, non-Fermi detected blazar population
• JWSTs PEARLS: NIRCam imaging and NIRISS spectroscopy of a $z=3.6$ star-forming galaxy lensed into a near-Einstein Ring by a $z=1.258$ massive elliptical galaxy
• PEARLS: Discovery of Point-Source Features Within Galaxies in the North Ecliptic Pole Time Domain Field
• The $N_H$ Distribution of Hard X-ray Selected AGN in the NEP Field