paper

ZTF Early Observations of Type Ia Supernovae II: First Light, the Initial Rise, and Time to Reach Maximum Brightness

arXiv:2001.00598 · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abb13b

Abstract

While it is clear that Type Ia supernovae (SNe) are the result of thermonuclear explosions in C/O white dwarfs (WDs), a great deal remains uncertain about the binary companion that facilitates the explosive disruption of the WD. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of a large, unique data set of 127 SNeIa with exquisite coverage by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). High-cadence (six observations per night) ZTF observations allow us to measure the SN rise time and examine its initial evolution. We develop a Bayesian framework to model the early rise as a power law in time, which enables the inclusion of priors in our model. For a volume-limited subset of normal SNeIa, we find that the mean power-law index is consistent with 2 in the -band (), as expected in the expanding fireball model. There are, however, individual SNe that are clearly inconsistent with . We estimate a mean rise time of 18.9d (with a range extending from 15 to 22d), though this is subject to the adopted prior. We identify an important, previously unknown, bias whereby the rise times for higher-redshift SNe within a flux-limited survey are systematically underestimated. This effect can be partially alleviated if the power-law index is fixed to , in which case we estimate a mean rise time of 21.7d (with a range from 18 to 23d). The sample includes a handful of rare and peculiar SNeIa. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of lessons learned from the ZTF sample that can eventually be applied to observations from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.

arXiv comment31 pages, 17 figures; ApJ accepted

References in corpus (80)

Cited by in corpus (45)