The Rise-Time Distribution of Nearby Type Ia Supernovae

Abstract

We present an analysis of the B-band and V-band rise-time distributions of nearby Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). We use a two-stretch template-fitting method to measure the rise and decline of BV light curves. Our analysis of 61 SNe with high-quality light curves indicates that the longer the time between explosion and maximum light (i.e., the rise time), the slower the decline of the light curve after maximum. However, SNe with slower post-maximum decline rates have a faster rise than would be expected from a single-parameter family of light curves, indicating that SN Ia light curves are not a single-parameter family of varying widths. Comparison of the B-band rise-time distribution for spectroscopically normal SNe Ia to those exhibiting high-velocity spectral features indicates that high-velocity (HV) SNe Ia have shorter B-band rise times compared to their spectroscopically normal counterparts. After normalising the B-band light curves to Dm15(B)= 1.1 mag (i.e., correcting the post-maximum decline to have the same shape as our template), we find that spectroscopically normal SNe Ia have a rise time of 18.03 +/- 0.24 d, while HV SNe have a faster B-band rise time of 16.63 +/- 0.29 d. Despite differences in the B band, we find that HV and normal SNe Ia have similar rise times in the V band. The initial rise of a SN Ia B-band light curve follows a power law with index 2.20 +0.27 -0.19, consistent with a parabolic rise in flux predicted by an expanding fireball toy model. We compare our early-time B-band data to models for the predicted signature of companion interaction arising from the single-degenerate progenitor scenario. There is a substantial degree of degeneracy between the adopted power-law index of the SN light-curve template, the rise time, and the amount of shock emission required to match the data.

17 pages, 9 figures, MNRAS accepted

References in corpus (24)

• New Hubble Space Telescope Discoveries of Type Ia Supernovae at z > 1: Narrowing Constraints on the Early Behavior of Dark Energy
• Improved Cosmological Constraints from New, Old and Combined Supernova Datasets
• Spectra and Light Curves of Six Type Ia Supernovae at 0.511 < z < 1.12 and the Union2 Compilation
• Observational Constraints on the Nature of the Dark Energy: First Cosmological Results from the ESSENCE Supernova Survey
• Improved Dark Energy Constraints from ~100 New CfA Supernova Type Ia Light Curves
• Improved Distances to Type Ia Supernovae with Multicolor Light Curve Shapes: MLCS2k2
• CfA3: 185 Type Ia Supernova Light Curves from the CfA
• Determining the Type, Redshift, and Age of a Supernova Spectrum
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey: Technical Summary
• From Shock Breakout to Peak and Beyond: Extensive Panchromatic Observations of the Type Ib Supernova 2008D associated with Swift X-ray Transient 080109
• Improved Distances to Type Ia Supernovae with Two Spectroscopic Subclasses
• The Peculiar SN 2005hk: Do Some Type Ia Supernovae Explode as Deflagrations?
• Constraining the Type Ia Supernova Progenitor: The Search for Hydrogen in Nebular Spectra
• SN 2003du: 480 days in the Life of a Normal Type Ia Supernova
• Late-Time Spectroscopy of SN 2002cx: The Prototype of a New Subclass of Type Ia Supernovae
• Unstable Helium Shell Burning on Accreting White Dwarfs
• Type Ia Supernovae are Good Standard Candles in the Near Infrared: Evidence from PAIRITEL
• The Rise and Fall of Type Ia Supernova Light Curves in the SDSS-II Supernova Survey
• ESC observations of SN 2005cf. I. Photometric Evolution of a Normal Type Ia Supernova
• The Rise Time of Type Ia Supernovae from the Supernova Legacy Survey
• Optical and IR observations of SN 2002dj: some possible common properties of fast expanding SNe Ia
• Do spectra improve distance measurements of Type Ia supernovae?
• The early spectral evolution of SN 2004dt
• Optical and Near-Infrared Observations of the Peculiar Type Ia Supernova 1999ac

Cited by in corpus (111)

• Observational clues to the progenitors of Type-Ia supernovae
• Type Iax Supernovae: A New Class of Stellar Explosion
• Progenitors of type Ia supernovae
• Multiple Images of a Highly Magnified Supernova Formed by an Early-Type Cluster Galaxy Lens
• Type-Ia supernova rates and the progenitor problem, a review
• Cosmic flows in the nearby universe from Type Ia Supernovae
• Type Ia Supernovae Strongly Interacting with Their Circumstellar Medium
• SN~2012cg: Evidence for Interaction Between a Normal Type Ia Supernova and a Non-Degenerate Binary Companion
• Very Early Ultraviolet and Optical Observations of the Type Ia Supernova 2009ig
• Type Ia supernova bolometric light curves and ejected mass estimates from the Nearby Supernova Factory
• Early Blue Excess from the Type Ia Supernova 2017cbv and Implications for Its Progenitor
• The Rising Light Curves of Type Ia Supernovae
• On the brightness distribution of Type Ia supernovae from violent white dwarf mergers
• Mass-accreting white dwarfs and type Ia supernovae
• A Single Degenerate Progenitor Model for Type Ia Supernovae Highly Exceeding the Chandrasekhar Mass Limit
• BVRI lightcurves of supernovae SN 2011fe in M101, SN 2012aw in M95, and SN 2012cg in NGC 4424
• Synthetic light curves and spectra for three-dimensional delayed-detonation models of Type Ia supernovae
• A Deep Search for Prompt Radio Emission from Thermonuclear Supernovae with the Very Large Array
• K2 Observations of SN 2018oh Reveal a Two-Component Rising Light Curve for a Type Ia Supernova
• Evidence for sub-Chandrasekhar-mass progenitors of Type Ia supernovae at the faint end of the width-luminosity relation
• The Low-Velocity, Rapidly Fading Type Ia Supernova 2002es
• Optical Observations of the Type Ia Supernova 2011fe in M101 for Nearly 500 Days
• Constraints on Shallow 56Ni from the Early Lightcurves of Type Ia Supernovae
• Constraints on dark energy with the LOSS SN Ia sample
• Searching for swept-up Hydrogen and Helium in the late-time spectra of 11 nearby Type Ia supernovae
• High-Velocity Features in Type Ia Supernova Spectra
• A Search for New Candidate Super-Chandrasekhar-Mass Type Ia Supernovae in the Nearby Supernova Factory Dataset
• The Young and Bright Type Ia Supernova ASASSN-14lp: Discovery, Early-Time Observations, First-Light Time, Distance to NGC 4666, and Progenitor Constraints
• PS1-10afx at z=1.388: Pan-STARRS1 Discovery of a New Type of Superluminous Supernova
• A High-Resolution Spectroscopic Search for the Remaining Donor for Tycho's Supernova
• ZTF Early Observations of Type Ia Supernovae II: First Light, the Initial Rise, and Time to Reach Maximum Brightness
• Hubble Space Telescope and Ground-Based Observations of the Type Iax Supernovae SN 2005hk and SN 2008A
• Constraints on Type Ia Supernova Progenitor Companions from Early Ultraviolet Observations with Swift
• PESSTO monitoring of SN 2012hn: further heterogeneity among faint type I supernovae
• Pan-STARRS and PESSTO search for an optical counterpart to the LIGO gravitational wave source GW150914
• SN 2012fr: Ultraviolet, Optical, and Near-Infrared Light Curves of a Type Ia Supernova Observed Within a Day of Explosion
• Extraordinary Magnification of the Ordinary Type Ia Supernova PS1-10afx
• Surface Radioactivity or Interactions? Multiple Origins of Early-excess Type Ia Supernovae and Associated Subclasses
• A review of type Ia supernova spectra
• Evidence for Type Ia Supernova Diversity from Ultraviolet Observations with the Hubble Space Telescope
• Constraints on the origin of the first light from SN2014J
• Early Observations of the Type Ia Supernova iPTF 16abc: A Case of Interaction with Nearby, Unbound Material and/or Strong Ejecta Mixing
• Sub-Chandrasekhar progenitors favoured for type Ia supernovae: Evidence from late-time spectroscopy
• The UV/optical spectra of the Type Ia supernova SN 2010jn: a bright supernova with outer layers rich in iron-group elements
• Determining the ${}^{56}$Ni distribution of type Ia supernovae from observations within days of explosion
• Probing type Ia supernova properties using bolometric light curves from the Carnegie Supernova Project and the CfA Supernova Group
• Testing SNe Ia distance measurement methods with SN 2011fe
• The Spectacular Ultraviolet Flash From the Peculiar Type Ia Supernova 2019yvq
• The Zwicky Transient Facility Type Ia supernova survey: first data release and results
• The Young and Nearby Normal Type Ia Supernova 2018gv: UV-Optical Observations and the Earliest Spectropolarimetry
• Ultraviolet Observations of Super-Chandrasekhar Mass Type Ia Supernova Candidates with Swift UVOT
• The Rise-Time of Normal and Subluminous Type Ia Supernovae
• Nebular Spectroscopy of Kepler's Brightest Supernova
• Optical and near infrared observations of SN 2014ck: an outlier among the Type Iax supernovae
• The violent white dwarf merger scenario for the progenitors of type Ia supernovae
• Constraints on Type IIn Supernova Progenitor Outbursts from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search
• Constraining Type Ia supernova explosions and early flux excesses with the Zwicky Transient Factory
• Supernova SN 2012dn: A spectroscopic clone of SN 2006gz
• A Bright Ultraviolet Excess in the Transitional 02es-like Type Ia Supernova 2019yvq
• Still Brighter than Pre-Explosion, SN 2012Z Did Not Disappear: Comparing Hubble Space Telescope Observations a Decade Apart
• Early-phase photometry and spectroscopy of transitional Type Ia SN 2012ht: Direct constraint on the rise time
• SN 2021zny: an early flux excess combined with late-time oxygen emission suggests a double white dwarf merger event
• The nebular spectra of the transitional Type Ia Supernovae 2007on and 2011iv: broad, multiple components indicate aspherical explosion cores
• Radioactively-Powered Rising Lightcurves of Type Ia Supernovae
• The early phases of the type Iax supernova SN 2011ay
• The first 48: Discovery and progenitor constraints on the Type Ia supernova 2013gy
• SN 2019muj -- a well-observed Type Iax supernova that bridges the luminosity gap of the class
• The Late-Time Rebrightening of Type Ia SN 2005gj in the Mid-Infrared
• Early ultraviolet emission in the Type Ia supernova LSQ12gdj: No evidence for ongoing shock interaction
• Type Ia SN 2019ein: New Insights into the Similarities and diversities among High-Velocity SNe Ia
• Persistent C II Absorption in the Normal Type Ia Supernova 2002fk
• A reddening-free method to estimate the ${}^{56}$Ni mass of Type Ia supernovae
• Exploring the diversity of double detonation explosions for type Ia supernovae: Effects of the post-explosion helium shell composition
• Type Iax SNe as a few-parameter family
• The outcomes of carbon-oxygen white dwarfs accreting CO-rich material
• R-band light-curve properties of Type Ia supernovae from the (intermediate) Palomar Transient Factory
• Constraining the Source of the High-velocity Ejecta in Type Ia SN 2019ein
• Spectroscopic twin to the hypervelocity sdO star US 708 and three fast sdB stars from the Hyper-MUCHFUSS project
• Discovery and Follow-up Observations of the Young Type Ia Supernova 2016coj
• An Empirical Fitting Method for Type Ia Supernova Light Curves. II. Estimating the First-Light Time and Rise Time
• iPTF16abc and the population of Type Ia supernovae: Comparing the photospheric, transitional and nebular phases
• The X-ray/radio and UV luminosity expected from symbiotic systems as the progenitor of SNe Ia
• Modelling the ionisation state of Type Ia supernovae in the nebular-phase
• Limits on stable iron in TypeIa supernovae from NIR spectroscopy
• SN 2015bp: adding to the growing population of transitional type Ia supernovae
• Late-Onset Circumstellar Medium Interactions are Rare: An Unbiased GALEX View of Type Ia Supernovae
• ZTF SN Ia DR2: The spectral diversity of Type Ia supernovae in a volume-limited sample
• A search for supernova-like optical counterparts to ASKAP-localised Fast Radio Bursts
• The HSC-SSP Transient Survey: Implications from Early Photometry and Rise Time of Normal Type Ia Supernovae
• An Empirical Fitting Method for Type Ia Supernova Light Curves: A Case Study of SN 2011fe
• SN 2020udy: a SN Iax with strict limits on interaction consistent with a helium-star companion
• A study of Si II and S II features in spectra of Type Ia supernova
• Optical Observations of the Nearby Type Ia Supernova 2021hpr
• SN Ia Standardization on the Rise: Evidence for the Cosmological Importance of Pre-Maximum Measurements
• Selection of Burst-like Transients and Stochastic Variables Using Multi-Band Image Differencing in the Pan-STARRS1 Medium-Deep Survey
• Possible Circumstellar Interaction Origin of the Early Excess Emission in Thermonuclear Supernovae
• Supernova SN 1006 in two historic Yemeni reports
• Type Ia supernovae with and without blueshifted narrow Na I D lines - how different is their structure?
• Three is the magic number -- distance measurement of NGC 3147 using SN 2021hpr and its siblings
• Comparing the light curves of simulated Type Ia Supernovae with observations using data-driven models
• Highly reddened type Ia supernova SN 2004ab: another case of anomalous extinction
• ZTF SN Ia DR2 follow-up: Exploring the origin of the Type Ia supernova host galaxy step through Si II velocities
• All known Type Ia supernovae models fail to reproduce the observed bolometric luminosity-width correlation
• Impact of convective overshooting on the single-degenerate model of Type Ia supernovae
• SN 2017fgc: A Fast-Expanding Type Ia Supernova Exploded in Massive Shell Galaxy NGC 474
• Normal or transitional? The evolution and properties of two type Ia supernovae in the Virgo cluster
• Type Ia supernovae SN 2013bz, PSN J0910+5003 and ASASSN-16ex: similar to 09dc-like?
• Circumstellar Medium Constraints on the Environment of Two Nearby Type Ia Supernovae: SN 2017cbv and SN 2020nlb
• Strong Carbon Features and a Red Early Color in the Underluminous Type Ia SN 2022xkq
• PISCOLA: a data-driven transient light-curve fitter
• A Young Supernova Selection Pipeline For The LSST Era