The first 48: Discovery and progenitor constraints on the Type Ia supernova 2013gy

Abstract

We present an early-phase $g$-band light curve and visual-wavelength spectra of the normal Type Ia supernova (SN) 2013gy. The light curve is constructed by determining the appropriate S-corrections to transform KAIT natural-system $B$- and $V$-band photometry and Carnegie Supernova Project natural-system $g$-band photometry to the Pan-STARRS1 $g$-band natural photometric system. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo calculation provides a best-fit single power-law function to the first ten epochs of photometry described by an exponent of $2.16_{-0.06}^{+0.06}$ and a time of first light of MJD 56629.4${}_{-0.1}^{+0.1}$, which is $1.93_{-0.13}^{+0.12}$ days (i.e., $<48$~hr) before the discovery date (2013 December 4.84 UT) and $-19.10_{-0.13}^{+0.12}$ days before the time of $B$-band maximum (MJD 56648.5$\pm 0.1$). The estimate of the time of first light is consistent with the explosion time inferred from the evolution of the Si II $\lambda$6355 Doppler velocity. Furthermore, discovery photometry and previous nondetection limits enable us to constrain the companion radius down to $R_c\le 4R_{\odot }$. In addition to our early-time constraints, we use a deep +235 day nebular-phase spectrum from Magellan/IMACS to place a stripped H-mass limit of $<0.018M_{\odot }$. Combined, these limits effectively rule out H-rich nondegenerate companions.

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