Probing the low-redshift star formation rate as a function of metallicity through the local environments of type II supernovae

Abstract

Type II SNe can trace star formation to probe its global metallicity distribution at low-redshift. We present oxygen and iron abundance distributions of SN II progenitor regions that avoid many previous sources of bias. Because Fe (rather than O) abundance drives the late stage evolution of the massive stars that are the progenitors of CCSNe, and because Fe enrichment lags O enrichment, we find a general conversion from O abundance to Fe abundance. The distributions we present here are the best yet standard of comparison for evaluating how rare classes of SNe depend on progenitor metallicity. We measure the gas-phase O abundance of a representative subsample of the hosts of SNe II from the first-year PTF SN search, using a combination of SDSS spectra near the SN location (9) and new long slit spectroscopy (25). The median metallicity of these 34 hosts is 12+log(O/H) = 8.65, with a median error of 0.09. The median host galaxy stellar mass from fits to SDSS photometry is 10^9.9 solar masses. They do not show a systematic offset in metallicity or mass from a redshift-matched sample of the MPA/JHU value-added catalog. In contrast to previous SN host metallicity studies, this sample is drawn from a single, areal survey. SNe in the lowest-mass galaxies are not systematically excluded. The metallicity distribution we find is statistically indistinguishable from the metallicity distribution of SN II hosts found by targeted surveys and by samples from multiple surveys with different selection functions. Using the relationship between Fe and O abundances found for Milky Way disk, bulge, and halo stars, we translate our O abundance distribution of SN II environments into Fe abundance estimates. We find that though this sample spans only 0.65 dex in O abundance, the gap between the Fe and O abundance is 50% wider at the low-metallicity end of our sample than at the high-metallicity end. (abridged)

22 pages, 14 figures, 7 tables, ApJ accepted

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• HII Region Metallicity Constraints Near the Site of the Strongly Lensed Supernova "SN Refsdal" at Redshift 1.49
• Spatially Resolved Molecular Gas Properties of Host Galaxy of Type I Superluminous Supernova SN 2017egm
• Relative frequencies of core-collapse supernovae as a function of metallicity: observations vs theoretical predictions