SN 2005bf: A Possible Transition Event Between Type Ib/c Supernovae and Gamma Ray Bursts

Abstract

We present u'g'r'i'BV photometry and optical spectroscopy of the Type Ib/Ic SN 2005bf covering the first ~100 days following discovery. The u'g'BV light curves displayed a double-peaked morphology, which is among Type Ib/Ic supernovae. The bolometric light curve indicates that SN 2005bf was a remarkably luminous event. Spectroscopically, SN 2005bf underwent a unique transformation from a Type Ic-like event at early times to a typical Type Ib supernova at later phases. The initial maximum in u'g'BV was accompanied by the presence in the spectrum of high velocity absorption lines of Fe II, Ca II, and H I. The photospheric velocity derived from spectra at early epochs was unusually low compared with ordinary Type Ib supernovae. We describe one-dimensional computer simulations which attempt to account for these remarkable properties. The most favored model is that of a very energetic (2 x 10^{51} erg), asymmetric explosion of a massive (8.3 M_sun) Wolf-Rayet WN star that had lost most of its hydrogen envelope. We speculate that an unobserved relativistic jet was launched producing a two-component explosion consisting of 1) a polar explosion containing a small fraction of the total mass and moving at high velocity, and 2) the explosion of the rest of the star. At first, only the polar explosion is observed, producing the initial maximum and the high velocity absorption-line spectrum resembling a Type Ic event. At late times, this fast-moving component becomes optically-thin, revealing the slower-moving explosion of the rest of the star and transforming the observed spectrum to that of a typical Type Ib supernova. If this scenario is correct, then SN 2005bf is the best example to date of a transition object between normal Type Ib/Ic supernovae and gamma ray bursts.

Accepted ApJ on 15 December 2005, 37 pages, 11 figures; minor changes after refereeing process

References in corpus (26)

• Maps of Dust IR Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and CMBR Foregrounds
• Final Results from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to Measure the Hubble Constant
• Collapsars - Gamma-Ray Bursts and Explosions in "Failed Supernovae"
• Discovery of the peculiar supernova 1998bw in the error box of GRB980425
• The u'g'r'i'z' Standard Star Network
• A very energetic supernova associated with the gamma-ray burst of 29 March 2003
• Spectroscopic Discovery of the Supernova 2003dh Associated with GRB 030329
• The Progenitor Stars of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Presupernova Evolution of Differentially Rotating Massive Stars Including Magnetic Fields
• The Updated Zwicky Catalog (UZC)
• The metamorphosis of SN1998bw
• Asymmetric Supernovae, Pulsars, Magnetars, and Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Optical Photometry of the Type Ia SN 1999ee and the Type Ib/c SN 1999ex in IC 5179
• A comparative modeling of supernova 1993J
• The Carnegie Supernova Project: The Low-Redshift Survey
• Optical Photometry and Spectroscopy of the SN 1998bw-like Type Ic Supernova 2002ap
• Photometry and Spectroscopy of GRB 030329 and Its Associated Supernova 2003dh: The First Two Months
• An Asymmetric, Energetic Type Ic Supernova Viewed Off-Axis, and a Link to Gamma-Ray Bursts
• The Peculiar Type Ic Supernova 1997ef: Another Hypernova
• Optical and Infrared Spectroscopy of SN 1999ee and SN 1999ex
• A Two-Component Model for the Light Curves of Hypernovae
• The nebular spectra of the hypernova SN 1998bw and evidence for asymmetry
• Direct Analysis of Spectra of Type Ib Supernovae
• Aspherical Explosion Models for SN 1998bw/GRB 980425
• PANIC: A Near-infrared Camera for the Magellan Telescopes
• Deep Photometry of GRB 041006 Afterglow: Hypernova Bump at Redshift z=0.716

Cited by in corpus (98)

• The Supernova -- Gamma-Ray Burst Connection
• Pulsational Pair-Instability Supernovae
• The First Systematic Study of Type Ibc Supernova Multi-band Light Curves
• Spectropolarimetry of Supernovae
• The Carnegie Supernova Project: First Photometry Data Release of Low-Redshift Type Ia Supernovae
• Bolometric light curves and explosion parameters of 38 stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae
• The Carnegie Supernova Project: Second Photometry Data Release of Low-Redshift Type Ia Supernovae
• On the nature of supernovae Ib and Ic
• Super-luminous supernovae: 56Ni power versus magnetar radiation
• Core-collapse explosions of Wolf-Rayet stars and the connection to type IIb/Ib/Ic supernovae
• The Unique Type Ib Supernova 2005bf at Nebular Phases: A Possible Birth Event of A Strongly Magnetized Neutron Star
• Optical Spectra of 73 Stripped-Envelope Core-Collapse Supernovae
• High luminosity, slow ejecta and persistent carbon lines: SN 2009dc challenges thermonuclear explosion scenarios
• Carnegie Supernova Project: Observations of Type IIn supernovae
• The Carnegie Supernova Project I: analysis of stripped-envelope supernova light curves
• Revisiting the Lick Observatory Supernova Search Volume-Limited Sample: Updated Classifications and Revised Stripped-Envelope Supernova Fractions
• Light Curve Modeling of Superluminous Supernova 2006gy: Collision between Supernova Ejecta and Dense Circumstellar Medium
• A new method for estimating the bolometric properties of Ibc SNe
• The bolometric light curves and physical parameters of stripped-envelope supernovae
• Observational and Physical Classification of Supernovae
• Extensive optical and near-infrared observations of the nearby, narrow-lined type Ic SN 2007gr: days 5 to 415
• Analyzing the Largest Spectroscopic Dataset of Stripped Supernovae to Improve Their Identifications and Constrain Their Progenitors
• The type IIb SN 2008ax: spectral and light curve evolution
• Spectra of Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory
• The He-rich core-collapse supernova 2007Y: Observations from X-ray to Radio Wavelengths
• Double-peaked Oxygen Lines Are not Rare in Nebular Spectra of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Radiative Properties of Pair-instability Supernova Explosions
• The Carnegie Supernova Project: First Near-Infrared Hubble Diagram to z~0.7
• Magnetar Driven Shock Breakout and Double Peaked Supernova Light Curves
• Bolometric Corrections for optical light curves of Core-collapse Supernovae
• A meta analysis of core-collapse supernova ${}^{56}$Ni masses
• Prompt and Afterglow Emission Properties of Gamma-Ray Bursts with Spectroscopically Identified Supernovae
• The He-rich Stripped-Envelope Core-Collapse Supernova 2008ax
• Multi-Wavelength Observations of Supernova 2011ei: Time-Dependent Classification of Type IIb and Ib Supernovae and Implications for their Progenitors
• Type Ib Supernova 2008D associated with the Luminous X-ray Transient 080109: An Energetic Explosion of a Massive Helium Star
• PUSHing Core-Collapse Supernovae to Explosions in Spherical Symmetry II: Explodability and Global Properties
• Bolometric Light Curves for 33 Type II-Plateau Supernovae
• Spectropolarimetry of the Type Ib/c SN 2005bf
• SN 2013df, a double-peaked IIb supernova from a compact progenitor and an extended H envelope
• The Double-Peaked SN2013ge: a Type Ib/c SN with an Asymmetric Mass Ejection or an Extended Progenitor Envelope
• Multi-Wavelength Properties of the Type IIb SN 2008ax
• Early spectroscopic identification of SN 2008D
• Supernovae Ib and Ic from the explosion of helium stars
• Spectrophotometric templates for core collapse supernovae and their application in simulations of time-domain surveys
• The Transitional Stripped-Envelope SN 2008ax: Spectral Evolution and Evidence for Large Asphericity
• A physically motivated classification of stripped-envelope supernovae
• iPTF15dtg: a double-peaked Type Ic Supernova from a massive progenitor
• Supernova 2010as: the Lowest-Velocity Member of a Family of Flat-Velocity Type IIb Supernovae
• The Carnegie Supernova Project I: photometry data release of low-redshift stripped-envelope supernovae
• The Polar Regions of Cassiopeia A: The Aftermath of a Gamma Ray Burst?
• The Type Ib SN 1999dn: One Year of Photometric and Spectroscopic Monitoring
• Early UV/Optical Emission of The Type Ib SN 2008D
• The Young Supernova Experiment Data Release 1 (YSE DR1): Light Curves and Photometric Classification of 1975 Supernovae
• Statistical properties of the nebular spectra of 103 stripped envelope core collapse supernovae
• Multicolour modelling of SN 2013dx associated with GRB 130702A
• Collapse of rotating stars in the Universe and the cosmic gamma ray bursts
• Spectropolarimetry of the Unique Type Ib Supernova 2005bf: Larger Asymmetry Revealed by Later-Phase Data
• Anomaly Detection in the Open Supernova Catalog
• Optical observations of the fast declining type Ib supernova iPTF13bvn
• Direct Analysis of Spectra of the Unusual Type Ib Supernova 2005bf
• Hydrogen in Type Ic Supernovae?
• Comparison of the optical light curves of hydrogen-rich and hydrogen-poor type II supernovae
• PTF11mnb: the first analog of supernova 2005bf
• The Circumstellar Medium of Cassiopeia A Inferred from the Outer Ejecta Knot Properties
• Supernova Interaction with a Dense Detached Shell in SN 2001em
• Three Dimensional Simulation of Gamma Ray Emission from Asymmetric Supernovae and Hypernovae
• Defining Photometric Peculiar Type Ia Supernovae
• The nature of supernovae 2010O and 2010P in Arp 299 - I. Near-infrared and optical evolution
• The double-peaked type Ic Supernova 2019cad: another SN 2005bf-like object
• OGLE-2014-SN-131: A long-rising Type Ibn supernova from a massive progenitor
• Optical Spectropolarimetry and Asphericity of Type Ic SN 2007gr
• Helium-rich Superluminous Supernovae From the Zwicky Transient Facility
• SN 2012aa - a transient between Type Ibc core-collapse and superluminous supernovae
• The broad-lined Type-Ic supernova SN 2022xxf with extraordinary two-humped light curves
• Spectropolarimetry of the Type Ib Supernova iPTF 13bvn: Revealing the complex explosion geometry of a stripped-envelope core-collapse supernova
• The Continuing Story of SN IIb 2013df: New Optical and IR Observations and Analysis
• Super-luminous Type II supernovae powered by magnetars
• Bolometric Lightcurves of Peculiar Type II-P Supernovae
• PTF12gzk - A Rapidly Declining, High-Velocity Type Ic Radio Supernova
• The Carnegie Supernova Project-I. Spectroscopic analysis of stripped-envelope supernovae
• The effect of circumstellar matter on the double-peaked type Ic supernovae and implications for LSQ14efd, iPTF15dtg and SN 2020bvc
• A population of Type Ibc supernovae with massive progenitors; broad lightcurves not uncommon in (i)PTF
• Supernovae double-peaked light curves from double-nickel distribution
• A systematic study of magnetar-powered hydrogen-rich supernovae
• Goodness-of-Fit Tests DIFF1 and DIFF2 for Locally-Normalized Supernova Spectra
• The long-term influence of a magnetar power in stripped-envelope supernovae. Radiative-transfer modeling of He-star explosions from 1 to 10 years
• The Carnegie Supernova Project-I. Optical spectroscopy of stripped-envelope supernovae
• The enigmatic double-peaked stripped-envelope SN 2023aew
• Optical and spectral observations and hydrodynamic modelling of Type IIb Supernova 2017gpn
• Characterization of Supernovae Based on the Spectral-Temporal Energy Distribution: Possible two SN Ib Subtypes
• Exploring GRBs and supernovae connection: does a superluminous hypernova population exist?
• The Carnegie Supernova Project II. Early observations and progenitor constraints of the Type Ib supernova LSQ13abf
• Hydrodynamic Modelling of Early Peaks in Type Ibc Supernovae with Circumstellar Interaction
• Building spectral templates and reconstructing parameters for core collapse supernovae with CASTOR
• JWST Detection of Hydrocarbon Ices and Methane Gas on Makemake
• Rotational Dynamics in Pulsational Pair-Instability Supernovae: Implications for Mass-Loss and Transient Events
• A Young Supernova Selection Pipeline For The LSST Era
• Multi-color Optical and NIR Light Curves of 64 Stripped-Envelope Core-Collapse Supernovae