Type IIP Supernova Progenitors and their explodability I: Convective Overshoot, Blue Loops and Surface Composition

Abstract

We present the evolution of massive star progenitors of supernovae of type IIP. We take the example of the nearby and well-studied SN 2013ej. We explore how convective overshoot affects the stellar structure, surface abundances, and effective temperature of massive stars, using the Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA). In particular models with moderate overshoot ($f$ = 0.02 to 0.031) show the presence of blue loops in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram with a red to blue [$lo{g}_{10}(T_{eff}/\mathrm{K})$ from $<3.6$ to $>4.0$] excursion and transition back to red, during core helium burning phase. Models with overshoot outside this range of $f$ values kept the star in the red supergiant state throughout the post helium ignition phases. The surface CNO abundance shows enrichment post-main-sequence and again around the time when helium is exhausted in core. These evolutionary changes in surface CNO abundance are indistinguishable in the currently available observations due to large observational uncertainties. However, these observations may distinguish between the ratios of surface nitrogen to oxygen at different evolutionary stages of the star. We also compare the effects of convective overshoot on various parameters related to likelihood of explosion of a star as opposed to collapse to a black hole. These parameters are the compactness parameter, M${}_4$, and ${\mu }_4$. Combination ${\mu }_4\times$M${}_4$, and ${\mu }_4$ have similar variation with $f$ and both peak out at $f$ = 0.032. We find that all of our 13 M${}_{\odot }$ models are likely to explode.

17 pages, 8 Figures, 2 Tables, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal

References in corpus (12)

• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA)
• The death of massive stars - I. Observational constraints on the progenitors of type II-P supernovae
• An eclipsing binary distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud accurate to 2 per cent
• New PARSEC evolutionary tracks of massive stars at low metallicity: testing canonical stellar evolution in nearby star forming dwarf galaxies
• Confined Dense Circumstellar Material Surrounding a Regular Type II Supernova: The Unique Flash-Spectroscopy Event of SN 2013fs
• The VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars: constraints on stellar evolution from the chemical compositions of rapidly rotating Galactic and Magellanic Cloud B-type stars
• The VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars: rotation and nitrogen enrichment as the key to understanding massive star evolution
• Low-frequency gravity waves in blue supergiants revealed by high-precision space photometry
• The impact of mass-loss on the evolution and pre-supernova properties of red supergiants
• On Variations Of Pre-Supernova Model Properties
• Evolution of surface CNO abundances in massive stars
• LMC Blue Supergiant Stars and the Calibration of the Flux-weighted Gravity--Luminosity Relationship

Cited by in corpus (3)

• Type IIP Supernova Progenitors III: Blue to Red Supergiant Ratio in Low Metallicity Models with Convective Overshoot
• Type IIP Supernova Progenitors II: Stellar Mass and Obscuration by the Dust in the Circumstellar Medium
• Unveiling the evolutionary state of three B supergiant stars: PU Gem, $\epsilon$ CMa and $\eta$ CMa