Measuring the properties of $f-$mode oscillations of a protoneutron star by third generation gravitational-wave detectors

Abstract

Core-collapse supernovae are among the astrophysical sources of gravitational waves that could be detected by third-generation gravitational-wave detectors. Here, we analyze the gravitational-wave strain signals from two- and three-dimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae generated using the code F{\sc{ornax}}. A subset of the two-dimensional simulations has non-zero core rotation at the core bounce. A dominant source of time changing quadrupole moment is the $l=2$ fundamental mode ($f-$ mode) oscillation of the proto-neutron star. From the time-frequency spectrogram of the gravitational-wave strain we see that, starting $\sim 400$ ms after the core bounce, most of the power lies within a narrow track that represents the frequency evolution of the $f-$mode oscillations. The $f-$mode frequencies obtained from linear perturbation analysis of the angle-averaged profile of the protoneutron star corroborate what we observe in the spectrograms of the gravitational-wave signal. We explore the measurability of the $f-$mode frequency evolution of protoneutron star for a supernova signal observed in the third-generation gravitational-wave detectors. Measurement of the frequency evolution can reveal information about the masses, radii, and densities of the proto-neutron stars. We find that if the third generation detectors observe a supernova within 10 kpc, we can measure these frequencies to within $\sim$90\% accuracy. We can also measure the energy emitted in the fundamental $f-$mode using the spectrogram data of the strain signal. We find that the energy in the $f-$mode can be measured to within 20\% error for signals observed by Cosmic Explorer using simulations with successful explosion, assuming source distances within 10 kpc.

17 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables

References in corpus (6)

• Advanced LIGO
• Inferring the core-collapse supernova explosion mechanism with gravitational waves
• A New Method to Observe Gravitational Waves emitted by Core Collapse Supernovae
• Gravitational Waves from Neutrino Asymmetries in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Inference of proto-neutron star properties from gravitational-wave data in core-collapse supernovae
• Inferring Astrophysical Parameters of Core-Collapse Supernovae from their Gravitational-Wave Emission

Cited by in corpus (6)

• The Science of the Einstein Telescope
• Probing nuclear physics with supernova gravitational waves and machine learning
• f-mode oscillations of anisotropic neutron stars in full general relativity
• Core Collapse Supernova Gravitational Wave Sourcing and Characterization based on Three-Dimensional Models
• $f$ and $p$ mode oscillation of proto-neutron stars with systematic variation of the nucleon effective mass
• $f$-mode oscillations in hot Neutron Stars: Effect of hyperons and neutrino trapping