Gravitational Waves from Stellar Collapse: Correlations to Explosion Asymmetries

Abstract

The collapse of massive stars not only produces observable outbursts across the entire electromagnetic spectrum but, for Galactic (or near-Galactic) supernovae, detectable signals for ground-based neutrino and gravitational wave detectors. Gravitational waves and neutrinos provide the only means to study the actual engine behind the optical outbursts: the collapsed stellar core. While the neutrinos are most sensitive to details of the equation of state, gravitational waves provide a means to study the mass asymmetries in this central core. We present gravitational wave signals from a series of 3-dimensional core-collapse simulations with asymmetries derived from initial perturbations caused by pre-collapse convection, core rotation, and low-mode convection in the explosion engine itself. A Galactic supernovae will allow us to differentiate these different sources of asymmetry. Combining this signal with other observations of the supernova, from neutrinos to gamma-rays to the compact remnant, dramatically increases the predictive power of the gravitational wave signal. We conclude with a discussion of the gravitational wave signal arising from collapsars, the leading engine for long-duration gamma-ray bursts.

36 pages including 14 figures, accepted by ApJ

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• General-Relativistic Simulations of Three-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Equation-of-State Dependent Features in Shock-Oscillation Modulated Neutrino and Gravitational-Wave Signals from Supernovae
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• Gravitational Wave Signals from 3D Neutrino Hydrodynamics Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae
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• The Last Minutes of Oxygen Shell Burning in a Massive Star
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• Stochastic Nature of Gravitational Waves from Supernova Explosions with Standing Accretion Shock Instability
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• Gravitational Wave Extraction in Simulations of Rotating Stellar Core Collapse
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• Core-Collapse Astrophysics with a Five-Megaton Neutrino Detector
• The Neutrino Bubble Instability: A Mechanism for Generating Pulsar Kicks
• Multimessengers from core-collapse supernovae: multidimensionality as a key to bridge theory and observation
• Ray-Tracing Analysis of Anisotropic Neutrino Radiation for Estimating Gravitational Waves in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Branching ratio of Type Ib/c supernovae into GRB-supernovae
• Gravitational Wave Background from Neutrino-Driven Gamma-Ray Bursts
• The Gravitational Wave Signature of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Neutrino Burst-Generated Gravitational Radiation From Collapsing Supermassive Stars
• Gravitational Wave Astronomy
• Black hole hyperaccretion in collapsars. II. Gravitational waves
• Determination of the angular momentum distribution of supernovae from gravitational wave observations
• Gravitational Waves from Supernova Mass Loss and Natal Kicks in Close Binaries
• Resonant growth of stellar oscillations by incident gravitational waves
• Neutrino transport and hydrodynamic stability of rotating proto-neutron stars