Neutrino Burst-Generated Gravitational Radiation From Collapsing Supermassive Stars

Abstract

We estimate the gravitational radiation signature of the electron/positron annihilation-driven neutrino burst accompanying the asymmetric collapse of an initially hydrostatic, radiation-dominated supermassive object suffering the Feynman-Chandrasekhar instability. An object with a mass $5\times 10^4{M}_{\odot }<M<5\times 10^5{M}_{\odot }$, with primordial metallicity, is an optimal case with respect to the fraction of its rest mass emitted in neutrinos as it collapses to a black hole: lower initial mass objects will be subject to scattering-induced neutrino trapping and consequently lower efficiency in this mode of gravitational radiation generation; while higher masses will not get hot enough to radiate significant neutrino energy before producing a black hole. The optimal case collapse will radiate several percent of the star's rest mass in neutrinos and, with an assumed small asymmetry in temperature at peak neutrino production, produces a characteristic linear memory gravitational wave burst signature. The timescale for this signature, depending on redshift, is $\sim 1\mathrm{s}$ to $10\mathrm{s}$, optimal for proposed gravitational wave observatories like DECIGO. Using the response of that detector, and requiring a signal-to-noise ratio SNR $>$ 5, we estimate that collapse of a $\sim 5\times 10^4{M}_{\odot }$ supermassive star could produce a neutrino burst-generated gravitational radiation signature detectable to redshift $z\lesssim 7$. With the envisioned ultimate DECIGO design sensitivity, we estimate that the linear memory signal from these events could be detectable with SNR $>5$ to $z\lesssim 13$.

15 pages, 8 figures

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• General-relativistic instability in rapidly accreting supermassive stars: the impact of rotation
• The First-Order Velocity Memory Effect from Compact Binary Coalescing Sources
• On the maximum accretion rate of supermassive stars
• Evolution and explosions of metal enriched supermassive stars: proton rich general relativistic instability supernovae
• Memory-triggered supernova neutrino detection
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• Non-conservation of Lepton Numbers in the Neutrino Sector Could Change the Prospects for Core Collapse Supernova Explosions
• Dark Matter and General Relativistic Instability in Supermassive Stars
• Exploring the Origin of Supermassive Black Holes with Coherent Neutrino Scattering