The neutrino gravitational memory from a core collapse supernova: phenomenology and physics potential

Abstract

General Relativity predicts that the passage of matter or radiation from an asymmetrically-emitting source should cause a permanent change in the local space-time metric. This phenomenon, called the \emph{gravitational memory effect}, has never been observed, however supernova neutrinos have long been considered a promising avenue for its detection in the future. With the advent of deci-Hertz gravitational wave interferometers, observing the supernova neutrino memory will be possible, with important implications for multimessenger astronomy and for tests of gravity. In this work, we develop a phenomenological (analytical) toy model for the supernova neutrino memory effect, which is overall consistent with the results of numerical simulations. This description is then generalized to several case studies of interest. We find that, for a galactic supernova, the dimensionless strain, $h(t)$, is of order $\sim 10^{-22}-10^{-21}$, and develops over a typical time scale that varies between $\sim 0.1-10$ s, depending on the time-evolution of the anisotropy of the neutrino emission. The characteristic strain, $h_c(f)$, has a maximum at a frequency $f_{max}\sim \mathcal{O}(10^{-1})-\mathcal{O}(1)$ Hz. The detailed features of the time- and frequency-structure of the memory strain will inform us of the matter dynamics near the collapsed core, and allow to distinguish between different stellar collapse scenarios. Next generation gravitational wave detectors like DECIGO and BBO will be sensitive to the neutrino memory effect for supernovae at typical galactic distances and beyond; with Ultimate DECIGO exceeding a detectability distance of 10 Mpc.

35 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables. Updated to reflect published version. Minor changes, typos corrected, results unchanged

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Cited by in corpus (15)

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• White Paper and Roadmap for Quantum Gravity Phenomenology in the Multi-Messenger Era
• The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna: Mission Studies and Science Case
• Detecting the gravitational wave memory effect with TianQin
• Modeling Core-Collapse Supernovae Gravitational-Wave Memory in Laser Interferometric Data
• Frequency space derivation of linear and non-linear memory gravitational wave signals from eccentric binary orbits
• Anisotropic multimessenger signals from black hole neutrino-dominated accretion flows with outflows in binary compact object mergers
• Gravitational wave memory of compact binary coalescence in the presence of matter effects
• Signatures of gravitational wave memory in the radiative process of entangled quantum probes
• Memory-triggered supernova neutrino detection
• Gravitational memory signal from neutrino self-interactions in supernova
• Gravitational wave signals in the deci-Hz range from neutrinos during the proto-neutron star cooling phase
• Signatures of asymmetry: Gravitational wave memory and the parity violation
• Asymmetric emissions of neutrinos in the cooling of rotating proto-neutron stars
• Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from Stellar Core-Collapse Events