Stability analysis of supermassive primordial stars: a new mass range for general relativistic instability supernovae

Abstract

Observed supermassive black holes in the early universe have several proposed formation channels, in part because most of these channels are difficult to probe. One of the more promising channels, the direct collapse of a supermassive star, has several possible probes including the explosion of a helium-core supermassive star triggered by a general relativistic instability. We develop a straightforward method for evaluating the general relativistic radial instability without simplifying assumptions and apply it to population III supermassive stars taken from a post Newtonian stellar evolution code. This method is more accurate than previous determinations and it finds that the instability occurs earlier in the evolutionary life of the star. Using the results of the stability analysis, we perform 1D general relativistic hydrodynamical simulations and we find two general relativistic instability supernovae fueled by alpha capture reactions as well as several lower mass pulsations, analogous to the puslational pair instability process. The mass range for the events (2.6-3.0 $\times 10^4$ ${\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$) is lower than had been suggested by previous works (5.5 $\times 10^4$ ${\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$) because the instability occurs earlier in the star's evolution. The explosion may be visible to, among others, JWST, while the discovery of the pulsations opens up additional possibilities for observation.

References in corpus (85)

• The James Webb Space Telescope
• A luminous quasar at a redshift of z = 7.085
• An 800-million-solar-mass black hole in a significantly neutral Universe at redshift 7.5
• Formation of the First Supermassive Black Holes
• An ultra-luminous quasar with a twelve-billion-solar-mass black hole at redshift 6.30
• Pulsational Pair-Instability Supernovae
• The Assembly of the First Massive Black Holes
• A glimpse of the end of the dark ages: the gamma-ray burst of 23 April 2009 at redshift 8.3
• A Remarkably Luminous Galaxy at z=11.1 Measured with Hubble Space Telescope Grism Spectroscopy
• Supermassive black hole formation during the assembly of pre-galactic discs
• A Search for Stars of Very Low Metal Abundance. VI. Detailed Abundances of 313 Metal-Poor Stars
• A Photometric Redshift of z ~ 9.4 for GRB 090429B
• A Luminous Quasar at Redshift 7.642
• The Stellar Abundances for Galactic Archeology (SAGA) Database - Compilation of the Characteristics of Known Extremely Metal-Poor Stars
• Evolution of Massive Protostars with High Accretion Rates
• Stellar evolution with rotation VII: Low metallicity models and the blue to red supergiant ratio in the SMC
• A single low-energy, iron-poor supernova as the source of metals in the star SMSS J 031300.36-670839.3
• An extremely primitive halo star
• Formation of the first nuclear clusters and massive black holes at high redshift
• Formation of Primordial Supermassive Stars by Rapid Mass Accretion
• What is the Highest Plausible Redshift of Luminous Quasars?
• Postbounce evolution of core-collapse supernovae: Long-term effects of equation of state
• Resolving the Formation of Protogalaxies. III. Feedback from the First Stars
• Fluctuations in the High-Redshift Lyman-Werner Background: Close Halo Pairs as the Origin of Supermassive Black Holes
• Super-Critical Growth of Massive Black Holes from Stellar-Mass Seeds
• Can Supermassive Black Holes Form in Metal-Enriched High-Redshift Protogalaxies ?
• Ubiquitous seeding of supermassive black holes by direct collapse
• HE 0557-4840 - Ultra-Metal-Poor and Carbon-Rich
• Black hole formation in the early universe
• Could supermassive black holes be quintessential primordial black holes?
• HE0107-5240, A Chemically Ancient Star.I. A Detailed Abundance Analysis
• HE1327-2326, an unevolved star with [Fe/H]<-5.0. I. A Comprehensive Abundance Analysis
• The THESEUS space mission concept: science case, design and expected performances
• Collapse of a Rotating Supermassive Star to a Supermassive Black Hole: Fully Relativistic Simulations
• The case for super-critical accretion onto massive black holes at high redshift
• TOPoS: II. On the bimodality of carbon abundance in CEMP stars. Implications on the early chemical evolution of galaxies
• Rapidly Accreting Supergiant Protostars: Embryos of Supermassive Black Holes?
• Discovery of the First Low-Luminosity Quasar at z > 7
• The Evolution of Supermassive Population III Stars
• HE 1327-2326, an unevolved star with [Fe/H]<-5.0. II. New 3D-1D corrected abundances from a VLT/UVES spectrum
• An Elemental Assay of Very, Extremely, and Ultra Metal-Poor Stars
• Scientific Discovery with the James Webb Space Telescope
• Massive black hole factories: Supermassive and quasi-star formation in primordial halos
• On the Maximum Mass of Accreting Primordial Supermassive Stars
• A Highly Magnified Star at Redshift 6.2
• Supersonic Gas Streams Enhance the Formation of Massive Black Holes in the Early Universe
• Stellar Yields of Rotating First Stars. II. Pair Instability Supernovae and Comparison with Observations
• Descendants of the first stars: the distinct chemical signature of second generation stars
• The Final Fates of Accreting Supermassive Stars
• Exploring the Origin of Lithium, Carbon, Strontium and Barium with four new Ultra Metal-Poor Stars
• The formation of direct collapse black holes under the influence of streaming velocities
• One-, Two-, and Three-dimensional Simulations of Oxygen Shell Burning Just Before the Core-Collapse of Massive Stars
• Formation of primordial supermassive stars by burst accretion
• Neutron-Capture Nucleosynthesis in the First Stars
• An Implicit Lagrangean Code for Spherically Symmetric General Relativistic Hydrodynamics with an Approximate Riemann Solver
• A UV flux constraint on the formation of direct collapse black holes
• SD 1313-0019 -- Another second-generation star with [Fe/H] = -5.0, observed with the Magellan Telescope
• Relativistic collapse and explosion of rotating supermassive stars with thermonuclear effects
• Exact and approximate expressions of energy generation rates and their impact on the explosion properties of Pair Instability Supernovae
• The Pristine Survey IV: Approaching the Galactic metallicity floor with the discovery of an ultra metal-poor star
• TOPoS: IV. Chemical abundances from high-resolution observations of seven EMP stars
• General Relativistic Instability Supernova of a Supermassive Population III Star
• Evidence for an aspherical Population III supernova explosion inferred from the hyper metal-poor star HE1327-2326
• Gravitational waves from supermassive stars collapsing to a supermassive black hole
• On the Rotation of Supermassive Stars
• Supermassive Population III Supernovae and the Birth of the First Quasars
• The Supernova that Destroyed a Protogalaxy: Prompt Chemical Enrichment and Supermassive Black Hole Growth
• The Biggest Explosions in the Universe
• A Minimum Dilution Scenario for Supernovae and Consequences for Extremely Metal-Poor Stars
• Impact of baryonic streaming velocities on the formation of supermassive black holes via direct collapse
• Formation of supermassive black hole seeds in nuclear star clusters via gas accretion and runaway collisions
• The Evolution towards Electron-capture Supernovae: the Flame Propagation and the Pre-bounce Electron-neutrino Radiation
• The Biggest Explosions in the Universe. II
• Magnetorotational Collapse of Supermassive Stars: Black Hole Formation, Gravitational Waves and Jets
• TOPoS: III. An ultra iron-poor multiple CEMP system
• Fingerprint of the first stars: multi-enriched extremely metal-poor stars in the TOPoS survey
• J0815+4729: A chemically primitive dwarf star in the Galactic Halo observed with Gran Telescopio Canarias
• On Monolithic Supermassive Stars
• On the Detection of Supermassive Primordial Stars
• Rapidly accreting supermassive stars: reliable determination of the final mass
• On the Detection of Supermassive Primordial Stars. II. Blue Supergiants
• The Final Fate of Supermassive $M\sim 5\times 10^4{M}_{\odot }$ Pop III Stars: Explosion or Collapse?
• Observational properties of a general relativistic instability supernova from a primordial supermassive star
• Neutrino Burst-Generated Gravitational Radiation From Collapsing Supermassive Stars
• Neutrino emission from the collapse of $\sim 10^4$ $M_{\odot }$ population III supermassive stars

Cited by in corpus (15)

• Multiple channels for nitrogen pollution by metal enriched supermassive stars and implications for GN-z11
• Modeling Supermassive Primordial Stars with MESA
• The most massive Population III stars
• Evolution and explosions of metal enriched supermassive stars: proton rich general relativistic instability supernovae
• Pulsations of primordial supermassive stars induced by a general relativistic instability; visible to JWST at z$>$12
• The Evolution of Accreting Population III Stars at 10${}^{-6}$-10${}^3$ M${}_{\odot }$/yr
• Magnetic Effects Promote Supermassive Star Formation in Metal-enriched Atomic-cooling Halos
• Metal-enriched Pair-instability supernovae: Effects of rotation
• Linear adiabatic analysis for general relativistic instability in primordial accreting supermassive stars
• Search strategies for supermassive stars in young clusters and application to nearby galaxies
• Nitrogen enhancement of GN-z11 by metal pollution from supermassive stars
• General-relativistic instability in rapidly accreting supermassive stars in the presence of dark matter
• The properties of supermassive stars in galaxy merger driven direct collapse I: models without rotation
• Signatures of Exploding Supermassive PopIII Stars at High Redshift in JWST, EUCLID and Roman Space Telescope
• Mass and Spin Growth of Very Massive Stars in Star Clusters Potentially Associated with Little Red Dots