Black hole induced spins from hyperbolic encounters in dense clusters

Abstract

The black holes that have been detected via gravitational waves (GW) can have either astrophysical or primordial origin. Some GW events show significant spin for one of the components and have been assumed to be astrophysical, since primordial black holes are generated with very low spins. However, it is worth studying if they can increase their spin throughout the evolution of the universe. Possible mechanisms that have already been explored are multiple black hole mergers and gas accretion. We propose here a new mechanism that can occur in dense clusters of black holes: the spin-up of primordial black holes when they are involved in close hyperbolic encounters. We explore this effect numerically with the Einstein Toolkit for different initial conditions, including variable mass ratios. For equal masses, there is a maximum spin that can be induced on the black holes, $\chi =a/m\le 0.2$. We find however that for large mass ratios one can attain spins up to $\chi \simeq 0.8$, where the highest spin is induced on the most massive black hole. For small induced spins we provide simple analytical expressions that depend on the relative velocity and impact parameter.

arXiv comment12 pages, 11 figures. Changes match published version

References in corpus (20)

• Advanced Virgo: a 2nd generation interferometric gravitational wave detector
• GW190521: A Binary Black Hole Merger with a Total Mass of $150M_{\odot }$
• Density Perturbations and Black Hole Formation in Hybrid Inflation
• Evolutions in 3D numerical relativity using fixed mesh refinement
• Properties and astrophysical implications of the 150 Msun binary black hole merger GW190521
• The Einstein Toolkit: A Community Computational Infrastructure for Relativistic Astrophysics
• A single-domain spectral method for black hole puncture data
• Mind the gap: The location of the lower edge of the pair instability supernovae black hole mass gap
• A Fast Apparent-Horizon Finder for 3-Dimensional Cartesian Grids in Numerical Relativity
• Introduction to Isolated Horizons in Numerical Relativity
• Gravitational radiation from a particle in circular orbit around a black hole. V. Black-hole absorption and tail corrections
• Finding Apparent Horizons in Numerical Relativity
• An Introduction to the Einstein Toolkit
• Gravitational wave energy emission and detection rates of Primordial Black Hole hyperbolic encounters
• The clustering dynamics of primordial black boles in $N$-body simulations
• Bayesian analysis of the spin distribution of LIGO/Virgo black holes
• Gravitational wave bursts from Primordial Black Hole hyperbolic encounters
• Gravitational waves from spinning compact binaries in hyperbolic orbits
• Induced Spins from Scattering Experiments of Initially Nonspinning Black Holes
• Uniformly Rotating Homogeneous Rings in post-Newtonian Gravity

Cited by in corpus (28)

• Observational Evidence for Primordial Black Holes: A Positivist Perspective
• Primordial Black Holes
• State of the field: Binary black hole natal kicks and prospects for isolated field formation after GWTC-2
• Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier White Paper:Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter
• The stochastic gravitational wave background from close hyperbolic encounters of primordial black holes in dense clusters
• 21-cm constraints on spinning primordial black holes
• Understanding how fast black holes spin by analysing data from the second gravitational-wave catalogue
• Analysis of a subsolar-mass compact binary candidate from the second observing run of Advanced LIGO
• Signatures of primordial black hole dark matter at DUNE and THEIA
• Spin of primordial black holes in the model with collapsing domain walls
• Gravitational Waves from Black-Hole Encounters: Prospects for Ground- and Galaxy-Based Observatories
• Slaying Axion-Like Particles via Gravitational Waves and Primordial Black Holes from Supercooled Phase Transition
• Effects of orbital precession on hyperbolic encounters
• Spinning Primordial Black Holes from First Order Phase Transition
• Primordial Black Holes (as Dark Matter) from the Supercooled Phase Transitions with Radiative Symmetry Breaking
• Highly accurate simulations of asymmetric black-hole scattering and cross validation of effective-one-body models
• Spin induction from scattering of two spinning black holes in dense clusters
• Testing the Boundary-to-Bound Correspondence with Numerical Relativity
• Primordial Black Holes as a Factory of Axions: Extragalactic Photons from Axions
• Mass octupole and current quadrupole corrections to gravitational wave emission from close hyperbolic encounters
• Exploring the Dynamics of General Relativistic Binary-Single and Binary-Binary Encounters of Black Holes
• Black-hole scattering with numerical relativity: Self-force extraction and post-Minkowskian validation
• Interactions among binary black holes in star clusters: Eccentric gravitational wave captures and triple formation
• Spin-up and mass-gain in hyperbolic encounters of spinning black holes
• Effects of dynamical capture on two equal-mass nonspinning black holes
• Gravitational Ionization by Schwarzschild Primordial Black Holes
• Parameter control for binary black hole initial data
• The Role of the Schwinger Effect in Superradiant Axion Lasers