Total recoil: the maximum kick from nonspinning black-hole binary inspiral

Abstract

When unequal-mass black holes merge, the final black hole receives a ``kick'' due to the asymmetric loss of linear momentum in the gravitational radiation emitted during the merger. The magnitude of this kick has important astrophysical consequences. Recent breakthroughs in numerical relativity allow us to perform the largest parameter study undertaken to date in numerical simulations of binary black hole inspirals. We study non-spinning black-hole binaries with mass ratios from $q=M_1/M_2=1$ to $q=0.25$ ($\eta =q/(1+q{)}^2$ from 0.25 to 0.16). We accurately calculate the velocity of the kick to within 6%, and the final spin of the black holes to within 2%. A maximum kick of $175.2\pm 11$ km s${}^{-1}$ is achieved for $\eta =0.195\pm 0.005$.

4 pages, 4 figures. Version accepted by PRL

References in corpus (6)

• Binary black hole merger dynamics and waveforms
• Solving Einstein's Equations With Dual Coordinate Frames
• Simulation of Binary Black Hole Spacetimes with a Harmonic Evolution Scheme
• The last orbit of binary black holes
• Gravitational Recoil during Binary Black Hole Coalescence using the Effective One Body Approach
• Discovery of a bright quasar without a massive host galaxy

Cited by in corpus (201)

• GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the Second Part of the Third Observing Run
• Inspiral, merger and ringdown of unequal mass black hole binaries: a multipolar analysis
• Supermassive recoil velocities for binary black-hole mergers with antialigned spins
• The evolution of massive black hole seeds
• Phenomenological template family for black-hole coalescence waveforms
• One Channel to Rule Them All? Constraining the Origins of Binary Black Holes using Multiple Formation Pathways
• Alignment of the spins of supermassive black holes prior to coalescence
• Formation of z ~ 6 quasars from hierarchical galaxy mergers
• High-accuracy waveforms for binary black hole inspiral, merger, and ringdown
• Toward faithful templates for non-spinning binary black holes using the effective-one-body approach
• Ejection of Supermassive Black Holes from Galaxy Cores
• Faithful Effective-One-Body waveforms of small-mass-ratio coalescing black-hole binaries
• An improved analytical description of inspiralling and coalescing black-hole binaries
• Recoil velocities from equal-mass binary black-hole mergers: a systematic investigation of spin-orbit aligned configurations
• Simulating coalescing compact binaries by a new code SACRA
• Exploring black hole superkicks
• Fully General Relativistic Simulations of Black Hole-Neutron Star Mergers
• Gravitational waves and mass ejecta from binary neutron star mergers: Effect of the mass-ratio
• Binary black-hole evolutions of excision and puncture data
• Comparing Effective-One-Body gravitational waveforms to accurate numerical data
• A data-analysis driven comparison of analytic and numerical coalescing binary waveforms: nonspinning case
• Accurate Effective-One-Body waveforms of inspiralling and coalescing black-hole binaries
• Relativistic Simulations of Black Hole-Neutron Star Mergers: Effects of black-hole spin
• Consistency of post-Newtonian waveforms with numerical relativity
• Remnant mass, spin, and recoil from spin aligned black-hole binaries
• Mining information from binary black hole mergers: a comparison of estimation methods for complex exponentials in noise
• Simulating binary neutron stars: dynamics and gravitational waves
• Faithful Effective-One-Body waveforms of equal-mass coalescing black-hole binaries
• Reducing phase error in long numerical binary black hole evolutions with sixth order finite differencing
• Observable Signatures of a Black Hole Ejected by Gravitational Radiation Recoil in a Galaxy Merger
• Anatomy of the binary black hole recoil: A multipolar analysis
• The final spin from the coalescence of aligned-spin black-hole binaries
• The Distribution of Recoil Velocities from Merging Black Holes
• Towards adiabatic waveforms for inspiral into Kerr black holes: I. A new model of the source for the time domain perturbation equation
• Further insight into gravitational recoil
• Merger of black hole and neutron star in general relativity: Tidal disruption, torus mass, and gravitational waves
• Modeling kicks from the merger of non-precessing black-hole binaries
• Binary black hole mergers: large kicks for generic spin orientations
• Numerical Relativity and Astrophysics
• Binary black hole merger in the extreme mass ratio limit
• Binary Black Holes: Spin Dynamics and Gravitational Recoil
• Circularization and Final Spin in Eccentric Binary Black Hole Inspirals
• Gravitational Wave Recoil and the Retention of Intermediate Mass Black Holes
• Four eccentric mergers increase the evidence that LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA's binary black holes form dynamically
• Comparison of Numerical and Post-Newtonian Waveforms for Generic Precessing Black-Hole Binaries
• Gravitational recoil: signatures on the massive black hole population
• Electromagnetic Counterparts to Massive Black Hole Mergers
• Understanding the "anti-kick" in the merger of binary black holes
• Effects of gravitational-wave recoil on the dynamics and growth of supermassive black holes
• Repeated mergers and ejection of black holes within nuclear star clusters
• Wormholes and trumpets: the Schwarzschild spacetime for the moving-puncture generation
• Reducing eccentricity in black-hole binary evolutions with initial parameters from post-Newtonian inspiral
• Gravitational waves from intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals for ground-based detectors
• Fingerprints of binary black hole formation channels encoded in the mass and spin of merger remnants
• Accretion disks around binary black holes of unequal mass: GRMHD simulations of postdecoupling and merger
• Prompt Shocks in the Gas Disk Around a Recoiling Supermassive Black Hole Binary
• A first search for a stochastic gravitational-wave background from ultralight bosons
• Foundations of multiple black hole evolutions
• Binary black hole late inspiral: Simulations for gravitational wave observations
• The Overlap of Numerical Relativity, Perturbation Theory and Post-Newtonian Theory in the Binary Black Hole Problem
• The spin-flip phenomenon in supermassive black hole binary mergers
• Repeated mergers, mass-gap black holes, and formation of intermediate-mass black holes in nuclear star clusters
• Binary black hole merger in the extreme-mass-ratio limit: a multipolar analysis
• Pre-Merger Localization of Gravitational-Wave Standard Sirens With LISA: Triggered Search for an Electromagnetic Counterpart
• Matched Filtering of Numerical Relativity Templates of Spinning Binary Black Holes
• Extra-Large Remnant Recoil Velocities and Spins from Near-Extremal-Bowen-York-Spin Black-Hole Binaries
• Search for intermediate mass black hole binaries in the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo
• Relativistic Suppression of Black Hole Recoils
• Superkicks in Hyperbolic Encounters of Binary Black Holes
• Modeling gravitational recoil from precessing highly-spinning unequal-mass black-hole binaries
• Binary black hole coalescence in the extreme-mass-ratio limit: testing and improving the effective-one-body multipolar waveform
• An explicit harmonic code for black-hole evolution using excision
• Recoil velocity at 2PN order for spinning black hole binaries
• Formation channels of single and binary stellar-mass black holes
• Accelerating black holes: quasinormal modes and late-time tails
• Binary black hole merger gravitational waves and recoil in the large mass ratio limit
• The numerical relativity breakthrough for binary black holes
• Final spin of a coalescing black-hole binary: an Effective-One-Body approach
• Exploring Features in the Binary Black Hole Population
• On the formation of GW190814
• Simulations of black-hole binaries with unequal masses or non-precessing spins: accuracy, physical properties, and comparison with post-Newtonian results
• Hyperboloidal evolution with the Einstein equations
• Off-nuclear AGN as a signature of recoiling massive black holes
• Gravitational-wave data analysis using binary black-hole waveforms
• Dynamical Interactions and the Black Hole Merger Rate of the Universe
• Perturbed disks get shocked. Binary black hole merger effects on accretion disks
• Modelling the final state from binary black-hole coalescences
• Accuracy and effectualness of closed-form, frequency-domain waveforms for non-spinning black hole binaries
• Black hole kicks as new gravitational wave observables
• GW190412 as a Third-Generation Black Hole Merger from a Super Star Cluster
• Puncture Evolution of Schwarzschild Black Holes
• Multipolar analysis of spinning binaries
• Introductory lectures on the Effective One Body formalism
• Retaining Black Holes with Very Large Recoil Velocities
• Remnant Black Hole Kicks and Implications for Hierarchical Mergers
• Black holes in a box: towards the numerical evolution of black holes in AdS
• Bobbing and Kicks in Electromagnetism and Gravity
• Modeling maximum astrophysical gravitational recoil velocities
• Breaching the limit: formation of GW190521-like and IMBH mergers in young massive clusters
• Reducing spurious gravitational radiation in binary-black-hole simulations by using conformally curved initial data
• Effects of post-Newtonian Spin Alignment on the Distribution of Black-Hole Recoils
• Close encounters of three black holes
• From Geometry to Numerics: interdisciplinary aspects in mathematical and numerical relativity
• Binary black holes on a budget: Simulations using workstations
• Observing the Galaxy's massive black hole with gravitational wave bursts
• Lessons for adaptive mesh refinement in numerical relativity
• The Effect of Thermal Torques on AGN Disc Migration Traps and Gravitational Wave Populations
• Black hole puncture initial data with realistic gravitational wave content
• Astrophysical implications of GW190412 as a remnant of a previous black-hole merger
• Missing black holes in brightest cluster galaxies as evidence for the occurrence of superkicks in nature
• Beyond the Bowen-York extrinsic curvature for spinning black holes
• $N-$body dynamics of Intermediate mass-ratio inspirals in globular clusters
• Compact massive objects in Virgo galaxies: the black hole population
• What You Don't Know Can Hurt You: Use and Abuse of Astrophysical Models in Gravitational-wave Population Analyses
• Resonantly enhanced kicks from equatorial small mass-ratio inspirals
• Formation of the largest galactic cores through binary scouring and gravitational wave recoil
• Recoiling from a kick in the head-on collision of spinning black holes
• Accuracy Issues for Numerical Waveforms
• Relativistic hydrodynamics in the presence of puncture black holes
• Boundary conditions for coupled quasilinear wave equations with application to isolated systems
• BSSN in Spherical Symmetry
• Hierarchical binary black hole mergers in globular clusters: mass function and evolution with redshift
• Looking for the parents of LIGO's black holes
• Massive black hole assembly in nuclear star clusters
• Modeling Gravitational Recoil Using Numerical Relativity
• Learning about compact binary merger: the interplay between numerical relativity and gravitational-wave astronomy
• Interplay of spin-precession and higher harmonics in the parameter estimation of binary black holes
• Reconstructing the Genealogy of LIGO-Virgo Black Holes
• Universal features of gravitational waves emitted by superkick binary black hole systems
• Binary Black Hole Encounters, Gravitational Bursts and Maximum Final Spin
• Resonant recoil in extreme mass ratio binary black hole mergers
• Demographics of Hierarchical Black Hole Mergers in Dense Star Clusters
• The Final Merger of Black-Hole Binaries
• Gravitational Wave Signal from Assembling the Lightest Supermassive Black Holes
• Amplification of superkicks in black-hole binaries through orbital eccentricity
• Late-time accretion in neutron star mergers: implications for short gamma-ray bursts and kilonovae
• Resolving Black Hole Family Issues Among the Massive Ancestors of Very High-Spin Gravitational-Wave Events Like GW231123
• Relativistic aerodynamics of spinning black holes
• Constraining the mass density of free-floating black holes using razor-thin lensing arcs
• The periodic standing-wave approximation: post-Minkowski computation
• Exploring the evolution of gravitational-wave emitters with efficient emulation: Constraining the origins of binary black holes using normalising flows
• Advances in Simulations of Generic Black-Hole Binaries
• MOCCA-SURVEY Database II -- Properties of Intermediate Mass Black Holes escaping from star clusters
• Implications of recoil kicks for black hole mergers from LIGO/Virgo catalogs
• Drifting through the medium: kicks and self-propulsion of binaries within accretion disks and other environments
• Regular second order perturbations of binary black holes: The extreme mass ratio regime
• General relativistic magnetized Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton accretion with a spin-field misalignment: Jet nutation, polarity reversals, and Magnus drag
• Analysis of GWTC-3 with fully precessing numerical relativity surrogate models
• Radial structure, inflow & central mass of stationary radiative galaxy clusters
• Exploring the nature of black hole and gravity with an imminent merging binary of supermassive black holes
• Numerical modeling of black holes as sources of gravitational waves in a nutshell
• Gravitational recoil from binary black hole mergers in scalar field clouds
• Inconsistent black hole kick estimates from gravitational-wave models
• Seeking for toroidal event horizons from initially stationary BH configurations
• A new method to integrate (2+1)-wave equations with Dirac's delta functions as sources
• Evolution of a black hole cluster in full general relativity
• Parameter estimates in binary black hole collisions using neural networks
• Estimating total momentum at finite distances
• The periodic standing-wave approximation: computations in full general relativity
• Robustness of Binary Black Hole Mergers in the Presence of Spurious Radiation
• Gamma-Ray Burst in a Binary System
• Massive Black Hole Recoil in High Resolution Hosts
• The imprint of superradiance on hierarchical black hole mergers
• A Numerical Study of Boson Star Binaries
• A Massive, Clumpy Molecular Gas Distribution and Displaced AGN in Zw 3146
• The steep redshift evolution of the hierarchical binary black hole merger rate may cause the $z$-${\chi }_{\mathrm{eff}}$ correlation
• Identifying supermassive black hole recoil in elliptical galaxies
• A New Template Family For The Detection Of Gravitational Waves From Comparable Mass Black Hole Binaries
• A binary origin for the first isolated stellar-mass black hole detected with astrometric microlensing
• Testing general relativity via direct measurement of black hole kicks
• Kicks in charged black hole binaries
• Constraints on peculiar velocity distribution of binary black holes using gravitational waves with GWTC-3
• Precessing binary black holes as engines of electromagnetic helicity
• Characterizing the effect of eccentricity on the dynamics of binary black hole mergers in numerical relativity
• Numerical experiments of adjusted BSSN systems for controlling constraint violations
• Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• Unexpected LIGO events and the Mirror World
• Exploring the Use of Numerical Relativity Waveforms in Burst Analysis of Precessing Black Hole Mergers
• Impact of Bayesian Priors on the Inferred Masses of Quasi-Circular Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Binaries
• Optimizing Neural Network Surrogate Models: Application to Black Hole Merger Remnants
• A complete measurement of a black-hole recoil through higher-order gravitational-wave modes
• The Effective One Body description of the Two-Body problem
• Evolution of massive quiescent galaxies via envelope accretion
• Momentum recoil in the relativistic two-body problem: higher-order tails
• Probing the Binary Black Hole Merger Regime with Scalar Perturbations
• Kerr-Schild Form of the Exact Metric for a Constantly Moving Kerr Black Hole and Null Gravitational Deflection
• Renormalized 2PN spin contributions to the accumulated orbital phase for LISA sources
• The Nature of Gravitational Wave Events with Host Environment Escape Velocities
• Gravitational deflection of light in polar-axis plane of a moving Kerr-Newman black hole
• On the Astrophysical Origin of Binary Black Hole Subpopulations: A Tale of Three Channels?
• Secular Spin-orbit Resonances of Black Hole Binaries in AGN Disks
• Gravitational-wave signatures of mirror (a)symmetry in binary black hole mergers: measurability and correlation to gravitational-wave recoil
• Spatial mixing of stellar populations in globular clusters via binary-single star scattering
• Leading-order gravitational time delay of massive particles by a moving Schwarzschild lens
• Gravitational wave recoils in non-axisymmetric Robinson-Trautman spacetimes
• Evidence of large recoil velocity from a black hole merger signal
• Accurate models for recoil velocity distribution in black hole mergers with comparable to extreme mass-ratios and their astrophysical implications
• Hierarchical Merger of Primordial Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies
• The influence of the mean anomaly on the dynamical quantities of binary black hole mergers in eccentric orbits
• Binary black hole merger waveforms in the extreme mass ratio limit
• Gravitational waves from black-hole mergers