Black hole superradiance with (dark) matter accretion

Abstract

Studies of black hole superradiance often focus on the growth of a cloud in isolation, accompanied by the spin-down of the black hole. In this paper, we consider the additional effect of the accretion of matter and angular momentum from the environment. We show that, in many cases, the black hole evolves by drifting along the superradiance threshold, in which case the evolution of its parameters can be described analytically or semi-analytically. We quantify the conditions under which accretion can serve as a mechanism to increase the cloud-to-black hole mass ratio, beyond the standard maximum of about 10%. This occurs by a process we call over-superradiance, whereby accretion effectively feeds the superradiance cloud, by way of the black hole. We give two explicit examples: accretion from a vortex expected in wave dark matter and accretion from a baryonic disk. In the former case, we estimate the accretion rate by using an analytical fit to the asymptotic behavior of the confluent Heun function. Level transition, whereby one cloud level grows while the other shrinks, can be understood in a similar way.

30+21 pages, 14 figures

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Cited by in corpus (20)

• Dynamical Friction in Gravitational Atoms
• The effect of wave dark matter on equal mass black hole mergers
• Relativistic drag forces on black holes from scalar dark matter clouds of all sizes
• Black hole perturbation theory and multiple polylogarithms
• Self-interacting scalar dark matter around binary black holes
• Signatures of ultralight bosons in the orbital eccentricity of binary black holes
• Signatures of Ultralight Bosons in Compact Binary Inspiral and Outspiral
• Probing the quantum nature of black holes with ultra-light boson environments
• Effects of Superradiance in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Black-hole hair from vector dark matter accretion
• Evolution and detection of vector superradiant instabilities
• Self-Gravity in Superradiance Clouds: Implications for Binary Dynamics and Observational Prospects
• Interplay between Black Holes and Ultralight Dark Matter: Analytic Solutions
• Hairless Black Hole by Superradiance
• Local Group Velocity Distribution inside Superradiant Condensates
• The Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background from Primordial Gravitational Atoms
• Effect of accretion on scalar superradiant instability
• Trails of clouds in binary black holes
• Exact Regions of Superradiant Instability of Kerr-Newman Black Holes and Massive Scalar Fields
• Enhanced extragalactic photon flux by PBH in a stimulated axion/ALP decay scenario