Black-hole hair from vector dark matter accretion
arXiv:2506.06554 · doi:10.1103/v425-4yvq
Abstract
We model a single black hole in equilibrium with a dark photon-cold dark matter environment. Representing the dark photon as a Proca field, we show that a Schwarzschild black hole grows vector-field "hair" when allowed to accrete from an infinite homogeneous bath of particles far from the horizon. We solve the Proca equation in linear perturbation theory, separating it using the vector spherical harmonics and Frolov-Krtouš-Kubizňák-Santos approaches for the odd-parity and even-parity sectors, respectively. In the "particle" dark matter regime, the field is purely infalling and exhibits a sharply peaked density profile, in concordance with the particle dark matter "spikes" studied in the literature. In the "wave" regime, the field exhibits standing waves, and the profile is smeared. We find a dark-matter density amplification upward of near the horizon. Though small for most black holes, we find the mass enclosed in the cloud can reach of the black hole mass for large supermassive black holes. These black holes are also most susceptible to vector dark matter accretion, with mass accretion rates as large as yr.
23 pages, 7 figures; fixed minor numerical error, affecting Fig. 7, section VI C, and section VII B
References in corpus (61)
- Quasinormal modes of black holes and black branes
- The Low-Energy Frontier of Particle Physics
- WISPy Cold Dark Matter
- Kerr black holes with scalar hair
- Dark matter annihilation at the galactic center
- High Proper Motion Stars in the Vicinity of Sgr A*: Evidence for a Supermassive Black Hole at the Center of Our Galaxy
- Understanding the Core-Halo Relation of Quantum Wave Dark Matter, DM, from 3D Simulations
- Instability of the massive Klein-Gordon field on the Kerr spacetime
- Vector Dark Matter from Inflationary Fluctuations
- Prospects for Fundamental Physics with LISA
- Illuminating Dark Photons with High-Energy Colliders
- Wave Dark Matter
- Dark Light, Dark Matter and the Misalignment Mechanism
- Generalization of the Proca Action
- The Dark Photon
- Naturally Light Hidden Photons in LARGE Volume String Compactifications
- New Horizons for Fundamental Physics with LISA
- Probing Ultralight Bosons with Binary Black Holes
- Superradiant Instability and Backreaction of Massive Vector Fields around Kerr Black Holes
- Kerr black holes with Proca hair
- Dark photon limits: a handbook
- Black-Hole Bombs and Photon-Mass Bounds
- Superradiant instabilities in astrophysical systems
- Constraining the mass of dark photons and axion-like particles through black-hole superradiance
- Perturbations of slowly rotating black holes: massive vector fields in the Kerr metric
- Black holes, hidden symmetries, and complete integrability
- Massive vector fields on the Schwarzschild spacetime: quasinormal modes and bound states
- Black Holes' Dark Dress: On the merger rate of a subdominant population of primordial black holes
- Primordial black hole evolution in tensor-scalar cosmology
- Novel relations and new properties of confluent Heun's functions and their derivatives of arbitrary order
- Superradiant instability of massive vector fields around spinning black holes in the relativistic regime
- Hidden Symmetries of Higher Dimensional Black Holes and Uniqueness of the Kerr-NUT-(A)dS spacetime
- Massive Vector Fields in Rotating Black-Hole Spacetimes: Separability and Quasinormal Modes
- Perturbations of Schwarzschild black holes in the Lorenz gauge: Formulation and numerical implementation
- Gravitational wave signatures of ultralight vector bosons from black hole superradiance
- Massive Boson Superradiant Instability of Black Holes: Nonlinear Growth, Saturation, and Gravitational Radiation
- Instability of the Proca field on Kerr spacetime
- Massive vector field perturbations in the Schwarzschild background: stability and quasinormal spectrum
- Maxwell's Equations in the Myers-Perry Geometry
- Exponentially growing finite energy solutions for the Klein-Gordon equation on sub-extremal Kerr spacetimes
- Misalignment & Co.: (Pseudo-)scalar and vector dark matter with curvature couplings
- Vector Coherent Oscillation Dark Matter
- Black Hole Hair from Scalar Dark Matter
- Extreme mass-ratio inspirals in ultra-light dark matter
- Solutions in the generalized Proca theory with the nonminimal coupling to the Einstein tensor
- On the growth of massive scalar hair around a Schwarzschild black hole
- Separation of Maxwell equations in Kerr-NUT-(A)dS spacetimes
- Dark photon superradiance: Electrodynamics and multimessenger signals
- The problem with Proca: ghost instabilities in self-interacting vector fields
- Black hole merger simulations in wave dark matter environments
- Quasinormal modes of massive vector fields on the Kerr spacetime
- The effect of wave dark matter on equal mass black hole mergers
- Dark photon vortex formation and dynamics
- Black hole superradiance with (dark) matter accretion
- Velocity dispersion profile in dark matter halos
- Growth of accretion driven scalar hair around Kerr black holes
- Black holes with synchronised Proca hair: linear clouds and fundamental non-linear solutions
- Dark radiation constraints on portal interactions with hidden sectors
- Self-interacting scalar dark matter around binary black holes
- Quasinormal modes of Proca fields in a Schwarzschild-AdS spacetime
- Electromagnetic fields on Kerr spacetime, Hertz potentials and Lorenz gauge