Local Group Velocity Distribution inside Superradiant Condensates

Abstract

Superradiance enables scalar fields to extract energy and angular momentum from a rotating black hole (BH), leading to the formation of a BH-condensate system. Previous studies mainly focus on the phase velocity, which propagates in the azimuthal direction. In this work, we show that the superradiant scalar condensate presents a nontrivial group velocity distribution. In the region sufficiently far from the BH, the condensate exhibits a radial velocity magnitude that approaches $(r_g\mu /2)\sin (2\omega t-2\phi )$, while the polar and azimuthal velocity magnitudes asymptotically decline as $\propto 1/r$.

10 pages, 8 figures

References in corpus (56)

• Quasinormal modes of black holes: from astrophysics to string theory
• Exploring the String Axiverse with Precision Black Hole Physics
• Discovering the QCD Axion with Black Holes and Gravitational Waves
• Instability of the massive Klein-Gordon field on the Kerr spacetime
• Gravitational wave searches for ultralight bosons with LIGO and LISA
• Black Hole Superradiance Signatures of Ultralight Vectors
• Probing Ultralight Bosons with Binary Black Holes
• Superradiant Instability and Backreaction of Massive Vector Fields around Kerr Black Holes
• Massive spin-2 fields on black hole spacetimes: Instability of the Schwarzschild and Kerr solutions and bounds on the graviton mass
• Black holes as particle detectors: evolution of superradiant instabilities
• Black Hole Mergers and the QCD Axion at Advanced LIGO
• Superradiant instabilities in astrophysical systems
• Perturbations of slowly rotating black holes: massive vector fields in the Kerr metric
• Stochastic and resolvable gravitational waves from ultralight bosons
• Black hole superradiance of self-interacting scalar fields
• Massive vector fields on the Schwarzschild spacetime: quasinormal modes and bound states
• Bosenova collapse of axion cloud around a rotating black hole
• Superradiant instability of massive vector fields around spinning black holes in the relativistic regime
• Superradiance evolution of black hole shadows revisited
• Probing Axions with Event Horizon Telescope Polarimetric Measurements
• Directed searches for gravitational waves from ultralight bosons
• Gravitational wave signatures of ultralight vector bosons from black hole superradiance
• Massive Boson Superradiant Instability of Black Holes: Nonlinear Growth, Saturation, and Gravitational Radiation
• Instability of the Proca field on Kerr spacetime
• Constraints on ultralight scalar bosons within black hole spin measurements from LIGO-Virgo's GWTC-2
• Bosenova and Axiverse
• Kerr black holes with synchronised hair: an analytic model and dynamical formation
• Sharp Signals of Boson Clouds in Black Hole Binary Inspirals
• Search for ultralight bosons in Cygnus X-1 with Advanced LIGO
• Extreme mass-ratio inspirals into black holes surrounded by scalar clouds
• Aspects of Nonlinear Effect on Black Hole Superradiance
• Stringent axion constraints with Event Horizon Telescope polarimetric measurements of M87${}^{\star }$
• Searching for ultralight bosons within spin measurements of a population of binary black hole mergers
• Impact of multiple modes on the black-hole superradiant instability
• Electromagnetic Signatures of Dark Photon Superradiance
• Quasinormal modes of massive vector fields on the Kerr spacetime
• Termination of Superradiance from a Binary Companion
• Vortex String Formation in Black Hole Superradiance of a Dark Photon with the Higgs Mechanism
• Black hole superradiance with (dark) matter accretion
• Photon Ring Astrometry for Superradiant Clouds
• Probing the string axiverse by gravitational waves from Cygnus X-1
• Black hole superradiant instability for massive spin-2 fields
• Imprints of Axion Superradiance in the CMB
• Improved Analytic Solution of Black Hole Superradiance
• Constraining ultralight bosonic dark matter with Keck observations of S2's orbit and kinematics
• Instability and backreaction of massive spin-2 fields around black holes
• Gravitational Collider Physics via Pulsar-Black Hole Binaries II: Fine and Hyperfine Structures are Favored
• Separating the superradiant emission from the Hawking radiation from a rotating black hole
• Superradiant instability of a charged regular black hole
• Self-Gravity Effects of Ultralight Boson Clouds Formed by Black Hole Superradiance
• Subdominant Modes of Scalar Superradiant Instability and Gravitational Wave Beats
• Search for continuous gravitational wave signals from luminous dark photon superradiance clouds with LVK O3 observations
• Methodology for constraining ultralight vector bosons with gravitational wave searches targeting merger remnant black holes
• Effects of Superradiance in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Evolution and detection of vector superradiant instabilities
• Accretion, Evaporation and Superradiance Phase Diagram of (Primordial) Black Holes and $10^{-21}-10^{21}$ eV Scalar, Vector, Tensor Fields