Dynamical friction of black holes in ultralight dark matter

Abstract

In this work we derive simple closed-form expressions for the dynamical friction acting on black holes moving through ultralight (scalar field) dark matter, covering both non-relativistic and relativistic black hole speeds. Our derivation is based on long known scattering amplitudes in black hole spacetimes, it includes the effect of black hole spin and can be easily extended to vector and tensor light fields. Our results cover and complement recent numerical and previous non-relativistic treatments of dynamical friction in ultralight dark matter.

11 pages, 2 figures. Version to be published in Physical Review D

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• Scalar fields around black hole binaries in LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
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• Piercing of a boson star by a black hole