Renormalization group analysis of superradiant growth of self-interacting axion cloud

Abstract

There are strong interests in considering ultra-light scalar fields (especially axion) around a rapidly rotating black hole because of the possibility of observing gravitational waves from axion condensate (axion cloud) around black holes. Motivated by this consideration, we propose a new method to study the dynamics of an ultra-light scalar field with self-interaction around a rapidly rotating black hole, which uses the dynamical renormalization group method. We find that for relativistic clouds, saturation of the superradiant instability by the scattering of the axion due to the self-interaction does not occur in the weakly non-linear regime when we consider the adiabatic growth of the cloud from a single superradiant mode. This may suggest that for relativistic axion clouds, an explosive phenomenon called the Bosenova may inevitably happen, at least once in its evolutionary history.

arXiv comment31 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables

References in corpus (10)

• Kerr black holes with scalar hair
• Exploring the String Axiverse with Precision Black Hole Physics
• Discovering the QCD Axion with Black Holes and Gravitational Waves
• Instability of the massive Klein-Gordon field on the Kerr spacetime
• Gravitational wave searches for ultralight bosons with LIGO and LISA
• Superradiant Instability and Backreaction of Massive Vector Fields around Kerr Black Holes
• Constraints on ultralight scalar bosons within black hole spin measurements from LIGO-Virgo's GWTC-2
• Impact of multiple modes on the black-hole superradiant instability
• Ultralight Bosonic Field Mass Bounds from Astrophysical Black Hole Spin
• Stringent constraints on the light boson model with supermassive black hole spin measurements