Gravitational memory meets astrophysical environments: exploring a new frontier through osculations
arXiv:2509.01676 · doi:10.1103/7yhw-krjp
Abstract
We study how dark matter environments influence nonlinear gravitational memory from intermediate-mass-ratio binaries. Incorporating environmental effects from the dark matter gravitational potential, dynamical friction, and accretion, we compute the leading-order nonlinear memory for both bound and unbound orbits under dark matter minispike profile. For quasi-circular inspirals in a minispike, we additionally include an empirical prescription for the time-dependent evolution of the dark matter profile, which gradually evolves along the inspiral and captures the cumulative environmental response. We find that dark matter can modify the orbital evolution and mode content of the memory relative to the vacuum case, with the cumulative effect depending sensitively on the density profile and on how the environment accelerates the inspiral. We use these waveforms to calculate mismatches in LISA space-based detector, highlighting where memory-driven differences may be large enough to warrant targeted parameter-estimation studies. Our results emphasize that astrophysical environments can leave a hereditary imprint on gravitational memory and provide a framework for connecting memory observables with dark matter dynamics.
V3: Two Column, 22 Pages, 6 Figures, 3 Tables, Substantially revised version with added discussion on the potential detectability of the interplay between nonlinear memory and astrophysical environments, Version accepted to appear in Physical Review D
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