The capacity of black holes to transmit quantum information

Abstract

We study the properties of the quantum information transmission channel that emerges from the quantum dynamics of particles interacting with a black hole horizon. We calculate the quantum channel capacity in two limiting cases where a single-letter capacity is known to exist: the limit of perfectly reflecting and perfectly absorbing black holes. We find that the perfectly reflecting black hole channel is closely related to the Unruh channel and that its capacity is non-vanishing, allowing for the perfect reconstruction of quantum information outside of the black hole horizon. We also find that the complementary channel (transmitting entanglement behind the horizon) is entanglement-breaking in this case, with vanishing capacity. We then calculate the quantum capacity of the black hole channel in the limit of a perfectly absorbing black hole and find that this capacity vanishes, while the capacity of the complementary channel is non-vanishing instead. Rather than inviting a new crisis for quantum physics, this finding instead is in accordance with the quantum no-cloning theorem, because it guarantees that there are no space-like surfaces that contain both the sender's quantum state and the receiver's reconstructed quantum state.

v4: to appear in JHEP

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• Preserving quantum information in $f(Q)$ cosmology
• Parametric down conversion with a depleted pump as a model for classical information transmission capacity of quantum black holes
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• The pitfalls of deciding whether a quantum channel is (conjugate) degradable and how to avoid them
• Geometric phases acquired for a two-level atom coupled to fluctuating vacuum scalar fields due to linear acceleration and circular motion
• Stimulated Emission of Radiation and the Black Hole Information Problem
• Quantum black holes as solvents