paper

Black holes and the butterfly effect

arXiv:1306.0622 · doi:10.1007/JHEP03(2014)067

Abstract

We use holography to study sensitive dependence on initial conditions in strongly coupled field theories. Specifically, we mildly perturb a thermofield double state by adding a small number of quanta on one side. If these quanta are released a scrambling time in the past, they destroy the local two-sided correlations present in the unperturbed state. The corresponding bulk geometry is a two-sided AdS black hole, and the key effect is the blueshift of the early infalling quanta relative to the slice, creating a shock wave. We comment on string- and Planck-scale corrections to this setup, and discuss points that may be relevant to the firewall controversy.

29 pages, 4 figures. v2: references added/clarified, typos corrected. v3: reference added, referencing clarified

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