Black holes as collapsed polymers

Abstract

We propose that a large Schwarzschild black hole (BH) is a bound state of highly excited, long, closed strings at the Hagedorn temperature. The size of the bound state is smaller than the string random-walk scale and determined dynamically by the string attractive interactions. It is further proposed that the effective free-energy density of the bound state should be expressed as a function of its entropy density. For a macroscopic BH, the free-energy density contains only linear and quadratic terms, in analogy with that of a collapsed polymer when expressed as a function of the polymer concentration. Using the effective free energy, we derive scaling relations for the entropy, energy and size of the bound state and show that these agree with the scaling relations of the BH; in particular, with the area law for the BH entropy. The area law originates from the inverse scaling of the effective temperature with the bound-state radius. We also find that the energy density of the bound state is equal to its pressure.

20 pages

References in corpus (4)

• Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger
• What Exactly is the Information Paradox?
• Entangled black holes as ciphers of hidden information
• What the information paradox is {\it not}

Cited by in corpus (32)

• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring
• Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report
• Extreme Gravity Tests with Gravitational Waves from Compact Binary Coalescences: (II) Ringdown
• New Horizons for Fundamental Physics with LISA
• When black holes collide: Probing the interior composition by the spectrum of ringdown modes and emitted gravitational waves
• DDF operators, open string coherent states and their scattering amplitudes
• Resisting collapse: How matter inside a black hole can withstand gravity
• Semiclassical relativistic stars
• Light Primordial Exotic Compact Objects as All Dark Matter
• Quantum corrections to the Schwarzschild metric from vacuum polarization
• Discovering the interior of black holes
• Quantum hair of black holes out of equilibrium
• Non-singular black holes interiors need physics beyond the standard model
• Black holes as frozen stars
• The chaotic emergence of thermalization in highly excited string decays
• Effective field theory for closed strings near the Hagedorn temperature
• String Memories ... Lost and Regained
• Tidal-heating/viscous dissipation correspondence in black holes and viscous compact objects
• Quantum Love
• Effective photon mass from black-hole formation
• The state of Hawking radiation is non-classical
• Whispers from the quantum core: the ringdown of semiclassical stars
• Classical Love for Quantum Blackholes
• Lower limit on the entropy of black holes as inferred from gravitational wave observations
• The holographic state of matter and its implications for quantum gravity
• A maximal-entropy initial state of the Universe as a microscopic description of inflation
• Exotic compact object behavior in black hole analogues
• A correspondence between strings in the Hagedorn phase and asymptotically de Sitter space
• Ten years of extreme gravity tests of general theory of relativity with gravitational-wave observations
• Black Hole Entropy Sourced by String Winding Condensate
• Thermal Equilibrium in String Theory in the Hagedorn Phase
• Constraints on horizonless objects after the EHT observation of Sagittarius A*