Global versus Local -- Mach's Principle versus the Equivalence Principle

Abstract

The equivalence principle is the conceptual basis for general relativity. In contrast Mach's principle, although said to have been influential on Einstein in his formulation of general relativity, has not been shown to be central to the structure of general relativity. In this essay we suggest that the quantum effects of Hawking and Unruh radiation are a manifestation of a {\it thermal} Mach's principle, where the local thermodynamic properties of the system are determined by the non-local structure of the quantum fields which determine the vacuum of a given spacetime. By comparing Hawking and Unruh temperatures for the same local acceleration we find a violation of the Einstein elevator version of the equivalence principle, which vanishes in the limit that the horizon is approached.

9 pages revtex, no figures. Awarded an "honorable mention" in the Gravity Research Foundation 2016 Essays on Gravitation contest. To be published in special edition of IJMPD

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• Virtual transitions in an atom-mirror system in the presence of two scalar photons
• HBAR entropy of Infalling Atoms into a GUP-corrected Schwarzschild Black Hole and equivalence principle