Stable dark energy stars

Abstract

The gravastar picture is an alternative model to the concept of a black hole, where there is an effective phase transition at or near where the event horizon is expected to form, and the interior is replaced by a de Sitter condensate. In this work, a generalization of the gravastar picture is explored, by considering a matching of an interior solution governed by the dark energy equation of state, $\omega \equiv p/\rho <-1/3$, to an exterior Schwarzschild vacuum solution at a junction interface. The motivation for implementing this generalization arises from the fact that recent observations have confirmed an accelerated cosmic expansion, for which dark energy is a possible candidate. Several relativistic dark energy stellar configurations are analyzed by imposing specific choices for the mass function. The first case considered is that of a constant energy density, and the second choice, that of a monotonic decreasing energy density in the star's interior. The dynamical stability of the transition layer of these dark energy stars to linearized spherically symmetric radial perturbations about static equilibrium solutions is also explored. It is found that large stability regions exist that are sufficiently close to where the event horizon is expected to form, so that it would be difficult to distinguish the exterior geometry of the dark energy stars, analyzed in this work, from an astrophysical black hole.

10 pages, 6 figures, Revtex4. V2: comments and references added, 11 pages. V3: Significant additions and clarifications, 12 pages

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