Solving the discrepancy among the light elements abundances and WMAP

Abstract

Within the standard big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) and cosmic microwave background (CMB) framework, the baryon density measured by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) or the primordial D abundance is much higher than the one measured by the ${}^4$He or ${}^7$Li abundances. To solve the discrepancy, we propose a scenario in which additional baryons appear after BBN. We show that simply adding the baryons can not be a solution but the existence of a large lepton asymmetry before BBN makes the scenario successful. These extra baryons and leptons, in addition to the initial baryons which exist before the BBN, can be all produced from $Q$-balls.

8 pages, 5 figures;(v2) Sec I and II-A are extended, 2 figures are added

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Cited by in corpus (24)

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• Lithium isotopic abundances in metal-poor halo stars
• Implications of WMAP observations on Li abundance and stellar evolution models
• Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis with Unstable Gravitino and Upper Bound on the Reheating Temperature
• The oscillation effects on thermalization of the neutrinos in the universe with low reheating temperature
• Big Bang Nucleosynthesis with Long Lived Charged Massive Particles
• Cosmic Rays from Dark Matter Annihilation and Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Possible solution to the ${}^7$Li problem by the long lived stau
• Solving the cosmic lithium problems with primordial late-decaying particles
• A theory of extra radiation in the Universe
• Pion condensation in the early Universe at nonvanishing lepton flavor asymmetry and its gravitational wave signatures
• Probing the Effective Number of Neutrino Species with Cosmic Microwave Background
• Primordial Nucleosynthesis with varying fundamental constants: A semi-analytical approach
• Light Higgsino from Axion Dark Radiation
• Primordial Helium Abundance from CMB: a constraint from recent observations and a forecast
• Q-ball Instability due to U(1) Breaking
• Big Bang nucleosynthesis in scalar tensor gravity: the key problem of the ${}^7$Li abundance
• Dark Radiation from Modulated Reheating
• Baryon Asymmetry in a Heavy Moduli Scenario
• Population II stars and the Spite plateau; Stellar evolution models with mass loss
• Cosmic microwave background constraints on the strong equivalence principle
• Some studies on dark energy related problems
• Late-decaying Q-ball with BBN lifetime