Astrophysical constraints on dark-matter $Q$-balls in the presence of baryon-violating operators

Abstract

Supersymmetric extensions of the standard model predict the existence of non-topological solitons, $Q$-balls. Assuming the standard cosmological history preceded by inflation, $Q$-balls can form in the early universe and can make up the dark matter. The relatively large masses of such dark-matter particles imply a low number density, making direct detection very challenging. The strongest limits come from the existence of neutron stars because, if a baryonic $Q$-ball is captured by a neutron star, the $Q$-ball can absorb the baryon number releasing energy and eventually destroying a neutron star. However, in the presence of baryon number violating higher-dimension operators, the growth of a $Q$-ball inside a neutron star is hampered once the $Q$-ball reaches a certain size. We re-examine the limits and identify some classes of higher-dimensional operators for which supersymmetric $Q$-balls can account for dark matter. The present limits leave a wide range of parameters available for dark matter in the form of supersymmetric $Q$-balls.

arXiv comment12 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables

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Cited by in corpus (18)

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• Primordial black holes from scalar field evolution in the early universe
• Primordial Black Holes
• PBH formation from overdensities in delayed vacuum transitions
• Test for the Origin of Solar Mass Black Holes
• Gas Heating from Spinning and Non-Spinning Evaporating Primordial Black Holes
• Spins of primordial black holes formed in different cosmological scenarios
• Primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate in theories with supersymmetry and inflation
• Non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons
• Starburst Nuclei as Light Dark Matter Laboratories
• Q-ball decay through A-term in the gauge-mediated SUSY breaking scenario
• An Energetically Stable Q-ball solution in 3+1 Dimensions
• Radiative corrections and instability of large Q-Balls
• Q-balls Under Spontaneously Broken U(1) Symmetry
• Mechanical Sensors for Ultraheavy Dark Matter Searches via Long-range Forces
• Models of ultra-heavy dark matter visible to macroscopic mechanical sensing arrays
• The Possibility of Tachyons as Soliton Solutions in 3+1 Dimensions via k-field Models