One-dimensional soliton system of gauged kink and Q-ball

Abstract

In the present paper, we consider a $\left(1+1\right)$-dimensional gauge model consisting of two complex scalar fields interacting with each other through an Abelian gauge field. When the model's gauge coupling constants are set equal to zero, the model possesses non-gauged Q-ball and kink solutions that do not interact with each other. It is shown that at nonzero gauge coupling constants, the model possesses the soliton solution describing the system consisting of interacting Q-ball and kink components. The kink and Q-ball components of the kink-Q-ball system have opposite electric charges, so the total electric charge of the kink-Q-ball system vanishes. Properties of the kink-Q-ball system are researched analytically and numerically. In particular, it was found that the kink-Q-ball system possesses a nonzero electric field and is unstable with respect to small perturbations of fields.

arXiv comment15 pages, 7 figures

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• Radially and azimuthally excited states of a soliton system of vortex and Q-ball